Abstract
At least 20–40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic fungi. The chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient, cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international laws. This work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen infections. Extracts from the bacterial isolate Serratia sp. ARP5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor. A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was developed. Moreover, packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive control. Additionally, seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado (West Indian race and cv. Hass). The Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as treatments. The bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by C. gloeosporioides on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL−1. Intact fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial fungicide. On the other hand, AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL−1 compared to the control. However, a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings. Finally, formulations of the extracts (emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared, and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 wk. The emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against P. cinnamomi. The extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado pathogens. New bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial extract significantly reduced C. gloeosporioides infection on injured avocado fruit at 31.1 μg mL−1.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Organ / stage
- injured avocado fruitse0
- Treatment
- bacterial extracte0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- infections by C. gloeosporioidese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.1 μg mL−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by C. gloeosporioides on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract protected intact fruit against body rot at the same concentration.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- Intact fruitse0
- Treatment
- bacterial extractt0
- Outcome
- body rot infectionse0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Qualifier
- same concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intact fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration”
t0“Bacterial extracts and bioformulates as a promising control of fruit body rot and root rot in avocado cv. Hass”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection of intact fruit did not differ significantly from commercial fungicide.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Bacterial extractst0
- Outcome
- differences with the commercial fungicidee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed no significant differences with the commercial fungicide”
t0“Bacterial extracts and bioformulates as a promising control of fruit body rot and root rot in avocado cv. Hass”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatment significantly reduced seedling disease progress at 3 μg mL−1 versus control.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- AUDPCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3 μg mL−1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL−1 compared to the control”
t0“avocado cv. Hass”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract showed possible phytotoxicity in seedlings.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- extracte0
- Outcome
- possible phytotoxicity effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings”
t0“avocado cv. Hass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings confirmed possible extract phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativuse0 - Outcome
- pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The emulsion maintained stable bioactivity against P. cinnamomi for eight weeks.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Interactor
- P. cinnamomi
Phytophthora cinnamomie0pathogen - Outcome
- very stable bioactivity against P. cinnamomie0
- Value
- 8 wke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioactive stability was assessed for 8 wk. The emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against P. cinnamomi”
t0“avocado cv. Hass”
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botanical · molecular: metabolites · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
botanical · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.