Abstract
Growing gladiolus corms in soil-less culture fertilized by soluble nutrients raised the question of how both Trichoderma harzianum and Aneurinobacillus migulanus enhance plant growth and provide protection against infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Changes in the concentrations of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) gibberellic acid (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were determined in gladiolus corms following treatment with T. harzianum, A. migulanus and F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli. The presence of these PGRs in corms was confirmed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the compounds quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentrations of both GA3 and IAA increased linearly in all corms over the 10 days after treatments; lowest concentrations of both PGRs were consistently found in corms inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. In contrast, highest concentrations of both GA3 and IAA occurred in corms treated with T. harzianum alone. Highest concentrations of ABA, however, were found in corms inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, regardless of the presence of T. harzianum or A. migulanus. Treatments with T. harzianum or A. migulanus in the absence of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli maintained ABA concentrations at the same levels as control corms. These results indicate that promotion of Gladiolus growth by T. harzianum or A. migulanus may be partly mediated through stimulation of the production of GA3 and IAA in corm tissues. Increases in these PGRs may also be a mediator in the biological control activity shown by T. harzianum or A. migulanus.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and IAA concentrations increased over 10 days in all treated corms.
- Organ / stage
- cormse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of both GA3 and IAAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- over the 10 days after treatmentse0
GladiolusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of both GA3 and IAA increased linearly in all corms over the 10 days after treatments”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium-inoculated corms had the lowest GA3 and IAA concentrations.
- Treatment
- inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0pathogen - Outcome
- Concentrations of both GA3 and IAAe1
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest concentrations of both PGRs were consistently found in corms inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli”
e1“Concentrations of both GA3 and IAA increased linearly in all corms”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma alone produced the highest GA3 and IAA concentrations.
- Treatment
- treated with T. harzianum alonee0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- concentrations of both GA3 and IAAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest concentrations of both GA3 and IAA occurred in corms treated with T. harzianum alone”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium-inoculated corms had the highest ABA concentrations regardless of antagonist presence.
- Treatment
- inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioliFusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentrations of ABAe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the presence of T. harzianum or A. migulanuse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest concentrations of ABA, however, were found in corms inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, regardless of the presence of T. harzianum or A. migulanus”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma without Fusarium maintained ABA at control levels.
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ABA concentrationse0
- Direction
- same levelse0
- Comparator
- control cormse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with T. harzianum or A. migulanus in the absence of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli maintained ABA concentrations at the same levels as control corms”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Aneurinobacillus without Fusarium maintained ABA at control levels.
- Treatment
- A. migulanuse0
- Interactor
- A. migulanuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ABA concentrationse0
- Direction
- same levelse0
- Comparator
- control cormse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with T. harzianum or A. migulanus in the absence of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli maintained ABA concentrations at the same levels as control corms”
t0“GLADIOLUS CORMS”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · GladiolusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.