Abstract
Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease that affects the entire citrus plant, including the root system. Previous studies have shown that sulphonamide antibiotics can suppress titres of the pathogen that causes HLB, ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), and affect root morphology in the plant through unknown mechanisms. To better understand the response of CLas‐infected roots to sulphonamide antibiotics, hydroponic cultures of CLas‐infected citrus roots were treated with sulfadimethoxine sodium (SDX), indole butyric acid (IBA), or water for 60 days to evaluate root metabolism and resistance against CLas via transcriptomic analysis. This study indicated that SDX and IBA treatments increased active root surface area in HLB‐affected citrus, which may be due to root hair and lateral root growth. CLas titres in HLB‐affected citrus roots treated with SDX were lower than those of IBA and control treatments. Function categorization indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in the HLB‐affected citrus root after SDX treatment. The expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of auxin and ethylene, which are related to root hair and lateral root growth, were up‐regulated by SDX. Moreover, SDX also induced genes related to the metabolism of jasmonates, brassinosteroids, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolites, which are beneficial for resistance against HLB. In conclusion, we propose a model for SDX in regulating metabolic pathways in the root and resistance against CLas in HLB‐affected citrus root, which is beneficial for recovering an HLB‐affected citrus root system and combating CLas.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SDX increased active root surface area in HLB-affected citrus relative to the untreated comparison.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SDX and IBA treatments increased active root surface area in HLB‐affected citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased active root surface area in HLB-affected citrus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SDX and IBA treatments increased active root surface area in HLB‐affected citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
SDX lowered CLas titres in HLB-affected citrus roots compared with IBA and control treatments.
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- SDXe2
- Interactor
- CLase2pathogen
- Outcome
- CLas titrese2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- IBA and control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“CLas titres in HLB‐affected citrus roots treated with SDX were lower than those of IBA and control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
After SDX treatment, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in HLB-affected citrus roots.
- Organ / stage
- roote3
- Treatment
- SDXe3
- Outcome
- plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interactione3
- Direction
- most markedly enrichede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Function categorization indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in the HLB‐affected citrus root after SDX treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SDX up-regulated genes involved in biosynthesis of auxin and ethylene in HLB-affected citrus roots.
- Treatment
- SDXe4
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of auxin and ethylenee4
- Direction
- up‐regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of auxin and ethylene, which are related to root hair and lateral root growth, were up‐regulated by SDX”
e3“Function categorization indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in the HLB‐affected citrus root after SDX treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SDX induced genes related to the metabolism of jasmonates, brassinosteroids and reactive oxygen species in HLB-affected citrus.
- Treatment
- SDXe5
- Outcome
- metabolism of jasmonates, brassinosteroids, reactive oxygen speciese5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“SDX also induced genes related to the metabolism of jasmonates, brassinosteroids, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolites, which are beneficial for resistance against HLB”
e3“Function categorization indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in the HLB‐affected citrus root after SDX treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SDX induced genes related to the metabolism of secondary metabolites in HLB-affected citrus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“SDX also induced genes related to the metabolism of jasmonates, brassinosteroids, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolites, which are beneficial for resistance against HLB”
e3“Function categorization indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction were the most markedly enriched pathways in the HLB‐affected citrus root after SDX treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that SDX regulates root metabolic pathways and resistance against CLas in HLB-affected citrus roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“we propose a model for SDX in regulating metabolic pathways in the root and resistance against CLas in HLB‐affected citrus root”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · CitrusPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.