Abstract
The wide application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles inevitably facilities their release into the terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems, severely affecting crop production. The effects of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) on stomatal morphology, gas exchange and key carbon metabolism enzyme activities were investigated in drought-stressed and well-watered maize. Drought stress limited the plant growth, caused stomatal closure, decreased the net photosynthetic rate, while increased the osmolyte concentrations. In drought-stressed maize, the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation and benefited the stomatal movement, maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate, and enhanced water use efficiency, promoting the drought tolerance in maize. In addition, the nano-ZnO increased the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucoisomerase and cytoplasmic invertase by 17.8%, 391.5% and 126%, respectively, which enhanced the starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolism in leaves under drought stress. Manipulation of primary carbohydrate metabolism through nano-ZnO induced regulation of the key enzymes activity benefited the drought tolerance in maize. The nano-ZnO application (100 mg L−1) alleviates the negative effect of drought stress via improving photosynthetic carbon assimilation of maize.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress limited maize plant growth relative to well-watered maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e2“Drought stress limited the plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress caused stomatal closure in maize.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e3“Drought stress limited the plant growth, caused stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate of maize.
- Treatment
- Drought stresse4
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- well-waterede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e4“Drought stress limited the plant growth, caused stomatal closure, decreased the net photosynthetic rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased the osmolyte concentrations of maize.
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- osmolyte concentrationse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- well-waterede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e5“Drought stress limited the plant growth, caused stomatal closure, decreased the net photosynthetic rate, while increased the osmolyte concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation in drought-stressed maize.
- Treatment
- the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1)e6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment degradatione6
- Direction
- alleviatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In drought-stressed maize, the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO benefited stomatal movement in drought-stressed maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In drought-stressed maize, the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation and benefited the stomatal movement”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate in drought-stressed maize.
- Treatment
- the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1)e2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In drought-stressed maize, the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation and benefited the stomatal movement, maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO enhanced water use efficiency in drought-stressed maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In drought-stressed maize, the application of nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) alleviated photosynthetic pigment degradation and benefited the stomatal movement, maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate, and enhanced water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO increased UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity by 17.8% in drought-stressed maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- nano-ZnOe2
- Gene
- UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylasee2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 17.8%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e2“the nano-ZnO increased the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucoisomerase and cytoplasmic invertase by 17.8%, 391.5% and 126%, respectively”
e3“which enhanced the starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolism in leaves under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO increased phosphoglucoisomerase activity by 391.5% in drought-stressed maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- nano-ZnOe2
- Gene
- phosphoglucoisomerasee2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 391.5%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e2“the nano-ZnO increased the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucoisomerase and cytoplasmic invertase by 17.8%, 391.5% and 126%, respectively”
e3“which enhanced the starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolism in leaves under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO increased cytoplasmic invertase activity by 126% in drought-stressed maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- nano-ZnOe2
- Gene
- cytoplasmic invertasee2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 126%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e2“the nano-ZnO increased the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucoisomerase and cytoplasmic invertase by 17.8%, 391.5% and 126%, respectively”
e3“which enhanced the starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolism in leaves under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-ZnO was suggested to enhance starch, sucrose and glycolysis metabolism in drought-stressed maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- nano-ZnOe2
- Outcome
- starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolisme3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in drought-stressed and well-watered maize”
e2“the nano-ZnO increased the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucoisomerase and cytoplasmic invertase by 17.8%, 391.5% and 126%, respectively”
e3“which enhanced the starch and sucrose biosynthesis and glycolysis metabolism in leaves under drought stress”
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