Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have been increasingly used to improve crop photosynthesis under diverse environments, However, the factors affecting the response of crop photosynthesis to NMs still remain insufficiently known. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigative the NM effects on leaf photosynthesis-related parameters in maize, rice and wheat plants. Our results suggest that leaf photosynthetic rate ( A ) can be significantly improved by NMs through enhanced stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf electron transport rate, and chlorophyll b content, and the NM effects on A were similar among different crop species. We also found that positive effects of NMs on A were stronger under drought and salt stresses than under heavy metal, nanoplastic and normal (no abiotic stress) conditions, while the response of A to NMs under heat stress still needs further verification due to the limited studies, which remains critical knowledge gap requiring further research. Additionally, our present findings demonstrate that non-metallic NMs and seed application method are more beneficial for enhancing A than metallic NMs and other application methods, respectively. More importantly, our results indicate that the impacts of NMs on A observed under laboratory conditions should be carefully examined under field conditions prior to large-scale application. Besides, decreasing the application frequency of NMs with small size and low dosage has the potential to maximize crop A while also reducing economic and environmental costs. Our current findings should prove beneficial for future studies aimed at enhancing crop photosynthesis and yields under varying environments through the application of NMs. • Positive effects of NMs on A were stronger under drought and salt stresses than under other conditions. • Impacts of NM on A should be carefully examined under field conditions prior to large-scale application. • Decreasing the application frequency of NMs with small size and low dosage has the potential to maximize crop A .
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nanomaterials significantly improved crop leaf photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plants
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- NMse0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf photosynthetic rate ( A ) can be significantly improved by NMs through enhanced stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf electron transport rate, and chlorophyll b content”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanomaterials enhanced stomatal conductance, transpiration and electron transport.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NMse2
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf electron transport ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf electron transport rate, and chlorophyll b content”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
e2“leaf photosynthetic rate ( A ) can be significantly improved by NMs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanomaterials enhanced chlorophyll b content.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NMse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf electron transport rate, and chlorophyll b content”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
e2“leaf photosynthetic rate ( A ) can be significantly improved by NMs”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects on photosynthetic rate were similar across crop species.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Material
- different crop speciese0
- Outcome
- NM effects on Ae0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NM effects on A were similar among different crop species”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive photosynthetic rate effects were stronger under drought and salt than other stated conditions.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- drought and salt stressese0
- Outcome
- effects of NMs on Ae0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- heavy metal, nanoplastic and normal (no abiotic stress) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive effects of NMs on A were stronger under drought and salt stresses than under heavy metal, nanoplastic and normal (no abiotic stress) conditions”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-metallic nanomaterials were more beneficial for photosynthetic rate than metallic ones.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- non-metallic NMse0
- Outcome
- Ae0
- Direction
- more beneficiale0
- Comparator
- metallic NMse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-metallic NMs and seed application method are more beneficial for enhancing A than metallic NMs and other application methods, respectively”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed application was more beneficial for photosynthetic rate than other application methods.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- seed application methode0
- Outcome
- Ae0
- Direction
- more beneficiale0
- Comparator
- other application methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-metallic NMs and seed application method are more beneficial for enhancing A than metallic NMs and other application methods, respectively”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend field examination of laboratory photosynthesis effects before broad application.
- Taxon
- maize, rice and wheat plantsOryza sativaTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Outcome
- should be carefully examined under field conditions prior to large-scale applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“impacts of NMs on A observed under laboratory conditions should be carefully examined under field conditions prior to large-scale application”
t0“crop photosynthesis”
e1“maize, rice and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest less frequent small, low-dose nanomaterial applications to maximize photosynthesis and reduce costs.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing the application frequency of NMs with small size and low dosage has the potential to maximize crop A while also reducing economic and environmental costs”
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