Abstract
In this field study, we evaluated the utilization of Azosprillium with organic amendments and urea in winter sorghum productivity in order to achieve the best results with minimum nitrogen utilization in Vertisols under different rainfall situations of SAT, India. Results showed that the organic materials application conserved more rainwater in top 0.60 m soil profile. Across three years of study, Azospirillum seed inoculation had a positive effect on sorghum production and produced 13% more sorghum grain and straw yields compared to 0 kg N ha–1. Sorghum grain yields were 44% higher when seeds were treated with Azospirillum and applied with 50% recommended rate of nitrogen (RRN) through urea and 50% RRN through organic materials (50:50 ratio of Leucaena loppings and farm yard manure) compared to control. Water use efficiency (WUE) was 42% greater with Azospirillum seed treatment and application 50% RRN through organic materials and 100% RRN through urea over control. Interference drawn in this study clearly indicates that low cost technology of Azospirillum seed treatment has to be adopted for higher sorghum grain yields. However, it is recommended to apply N through organic and fertilizer N in the ratio of 50:50 RRN along with Azospirillum seed treatment for sustainable sorghum yields and greater water productivity in the Vertisols of SAT, India. Key words: Azospirillum, nitrogen, rainwater conservation, Vertisols, winter.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Organic materials conserved more rainwater in the upper soil profile.
- Treatment
- organic materials applicatione0
- Outcome
- rainwater in top 0.60 m soil profilee0
- Direction
- moree0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the organic materials application conserved more rainwater in top 0.60 m soil profile”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum seed inoculation increased sorghum grain yield by 13% relative to no nitrogen.
- Treatment
- Azospirillum seed inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- sorghum graine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum seed inoculation had a positive effect on sorghum production and produced 13% more sorghum grain and straw yields compared to 0 kg N ha–1”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum seed inoculation increased sorghum straw yield by 13% relative to no nitrogen.
- Treatment
- Azospirillum seed inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum seed inoculation had a positive effect on sorghum production and produced 13% more sorghum grain and straw yields compared to 0 kg N ha–1”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum with split urea and organic nitrogen raised grain yield 44% versus control.
- Treatment
- seeds were treated with Azospirillum and applied with 50% recommended rate of nitrogen (RRN) through urea and 50% RRN through organic materials (50:50 ratio of Leucaena loppings and farm yard manure)e0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum grain yields were 44% higher when seeds were treated with Azospirillum and applied with 50% recommended rate of nitrogen (RRN) through urea and 50% RRN through organic materials (50:50 ratio of Leucaena loppings and farm yard manure) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum with organic and urea nitrogen raised water use efficiency 42% versus control.
- Treatment
- Azospirillum seed treatment and application 50% RRN through organic materials and 100% RRN through ureae0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) was 42% greater with Azospirillum seed treatment and application 50% RRN through organic materials and 100% RRN through urea over control”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend Azospirillum seed treatment to increase sorghum grain yield.
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Azospirillum seed treatment has to be adopted for higher sorghum grain yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low cost technology of Azospirillum seed treatment has to be adopted for higher sorghum grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend equal organic and fertilizer nitrogen with Azospirillum for sustainable yield and water productivity.
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- apply N through organic and fertilizer N in the ratio of 50:50 RRN along with Azospirillum seed treatment for sustainable sorghum yields and greater water productivitye0
- Setting
- SAT, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended to apply N through organic and fertilizer N in the ratio of 50:50 RRN along with Azospirillum seed treatment for sustainable sorghum yields and greater water productivity in the Vertisols of SAT, India”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.