Dry-matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and changes in soil-fertility status as influenced by different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients to forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi, to study the effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on its dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake and changes in fertility status of the soil. Application of 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded significantly higher dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant and 30.19 g/plant at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectively) and dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) over the other treatments. Maximum increase in dry matter (85-87%) was attained between 25 and 50 days after sowing, corresponding with highest crop-growth rate (0.90 g/plant/day) with this treatment. Application of vermicompost and farmyard manure recorded higher NP uptake than the other levels with inorganic sources only except the 100% recommended dose of NP. The residual build up of organic carbon and available NPK in soil improved with vermicompost was maximum followed by farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 50 days after sowing, dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant) was significantly higher with the combined NP, vermicompost and farmyard manure treatment than with the other treatments.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/hae1
Outcome: dry-matter accumulatione1
Direction: significantly highere1
Value: 25.35 g/plante1
Qualifier: at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectivelye1
Comparator: other treatmentse1
Setting: Jhansie0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded significantly higher dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant and 30.19 g/plant at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectively) and dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) over the other treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 335–648 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75 days after sowing, dry-matter accumulation (30.19 g/plant) was significantly higher with the combined NP, vermicompost and farmyard manure treatment than with the other treatments.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/hae1
Outcome: dry-matter accumulatione1
Direction: significantly highere1
Value: 30.19 g/plante1
Qualifier: at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectivelye1
Comparator: other treatmentse1
Setting: Jhansie0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded significantly higher dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant and 30.19 g/plant at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectively) and dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) over the other treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 335–648 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) was significantly higher with the combined NP, vermicompost and farmyard manure treatment than with the other treatments.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/hae1
Outcome: dry matter yielde1
Direction: significantly highere1
Value: 11.2 tonnes/hae1
Comparator: other treatmentse1
Setting: Jhansie0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded significantly higher dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant and 30.19 g/plant at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectively) and dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) over the other treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 335–648 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum increase in dry matter (85-87%) was attained between 25 and 50 days after sowing.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Outcome: increase in dry mattere2
Value: 85-87%e2
Qualifier: between 25 and 50 days after sowinge2

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e2
“Maximum increase in dry matter (85-87%) was attained between 25 and 50 days after sowing, corresponding with highest crop-growth rate (0.90 g/plant/day) with this treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 650–822 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The crop-growth rate with the combined NP, vermicompost and farmyard manure treatment was highest (0.90 g/plant/day).

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/hae1
Outcome: crop-growth ratee2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 0.90 g/plant/daye2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 50% recommended dose of NP (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha) + vermicompost and farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded significantly higher dry-matter accumulation (25.35 g/plant and 30.19 g/plant at 50 and 75 days after sowing, respectively) and dry matter yield (11.2 tonnes/ha) over the other treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 335–648 · show in text ↑

e2
“Maximum increase in dry matter (85-87%) was attained between 25 and 50 days after sowing, corresponding with highest crop-growth rate (0.90 g/plant/day) with this treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 650–822 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost and farmyard manure gave higher NP uptake than inorganic sources only, except the 100% recommended NP dose.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: Application of vermicompost and farmyard manuree3
Outcome: NP uptakee3
Direction: highere3
Qualifier: except the 100% recommended dose of NPe3
Comparator: inorganic sources onlye3

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e3
“Application of vermicompost and farmyard manure recorded higher NP uptake than the other levels with inorganic sources only except the 100% recommended dose of NP”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 824–986 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost improved the residual build-up of organic carbon and available NPK in soil more than inorganic fertilizers, with farmyard manure next.

Taxon: forage sorghume0
Treatment: vermicomposte4
Outcome: residual build up of organic carbon and available NPK in soile4
Direction: improvede4
Qualifier: was maximum followed by farmyard manuree4
Comparator: inorganic fertilizerse4

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 1997-99 with forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in clay loam and medium fertile soil of semi-arid climate at Jhansi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–182 · show in text ↑

e4
“The residual build up of organic carbon and available NPK in soil improved with vermicompost was maximum followed by farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 988–1146 · show in text ↑

phosphorus · yield · SorghumResults differ

105 papers: 92 positive, 13 negative or no effect

91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
On nonlimed soil, high N with low P-K decreased sugar yields yield.
Biomass and Sugar Yield Response of Sweet Sorghum to Lime and Fertilizer¹ · 1985 · compared with high P or K
Opposite direction
no effect
Addition of Burkina phosphate to various doses of dry matter did not influence sorghum grain yield.
Influence of the Leaf Biomass of Piliostigma reticulatum on Sorghum Production in North Sudanian Region of Burkina Faso · 2013
Opposite direction
no effect
Phosphorus rates did not significantly influence sorghum yield across seasons and combined sites.
Nutrient Response Functions of Sorghum for Miesso District Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia · 2022
Opposite direction

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fertilization · growth · SorghumResults differ

120 papers: 104 positive, 16 negative or no effect

103 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction

negative
The acidic fraction of compost extracts containing phenolic acids inhibited sorghum germination.
Phenolic acids as potential seed germination-inhibitors in animal-waste composts · 1992 · compared with deionized water
Opposite direction
negative
Nitrogen fertilizer decreased sorghum nitrogen use efficiency for total biomass.
Response of nitrogen use efficient sorghums to nitrogen fertilizer · 1998
Opposite direction
no effect
Composted manure extracts had limited effects on sorghum germination and seedling development.
Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Extracted from Beef Cattle Manure on Germination and Seedling Development · 1976
Opposite direction

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nanoparticle · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

11 papers: 10 positive, 1 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
Excessive ZnO nanoparticle concentrations inhibited sorghum seedling growth.
Physiological Mechanisms and Application Potential of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Alleviating Saline-Alkali Stress in Sorghum · 2026
Opposite direction
positive
ZnO nanoparticle priming improved salt-stressed sorghum shoot lengths, fresh weights.
Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Salt Stress in Sorghum bicolor · 2022
Same direction
positive
A 500 ppm nano ZnO spray gave higher plant height than bulk ZnSO4.
Effect of nano zinc oxide on growth, yield and grain zinc content of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) · 2019 · compared with 1000 ppm bulk ZnSO4
Same direction

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nanoparticle · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

31 papers: 29 positive, 2 negative or no effect

28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

negative
Imbalanced application of N alone, NP or 50 % NPK gave the lowest sorghum seed yield, as did the control.
Effect of nutrient management practices on the productivity, economics and soil fertility of castor (Ricinus communis) - sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cropping system in rainfed Alfisols · 2013 · compared with control plots
Opposite direction
negative
NP omission decreased grain yield by 29% relative to no omission.
Effect of Nutrients Omission on Growth, Yield and Economics of Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Vertisols under Rainfed Conditions · 2023 · compared with no omission (NPK) treatment
Opposite direction
positive
Selenium nanoparticles improved pollen germination under heat stress.
High-Temperature Stress Alleviation by Selenium Nanoparticle Treatment in Grain Sorghum · 2018
Same direction

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phosphorus · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

34 papers: 25 positive, 9 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction

negative
On nonlimed soil, high N with low P-K decreased biomass yield.
Biomass and Sugar Yield Response of Sweet Sorghum to Lime and Fertilizer¹ · 1985 · compared with high P or K
Opposite direction
negative
Phosphorus deficiency initially increased lateral root development in both cultivars.
Constitutive basis of root system architecture: uncovering a promising trait for breeding nutrient- and drought-resilient crops · 2023
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
negative
Water stress and low phosphorus reduced growth traits in sorghum.
Effects of phosphorus and water stress levels on growth and phosphorus uptake of bean and sorghum cultivars · 1995
Opposite direction

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fertilization · soil: chemistry · SorghumPositive and negative results

35 papers: 34 positive, 1 negative or no effect

33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
Green manure with sorghum biomass caused soil organic carbon losses higher than those in fallow plots.
Introduction of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor(L.) Moench] Green Manure in Rotations of Head Salads and Baby Leaf Crops Under Greenhouse · 2016 · compared with fallow plots
Opposite direction
positive
Simulated soil carbon rose slightly under sorghum fallow rotation with manure.
Soil organic carbon dynamics and crop yield for different crop rotations in a degraded ferruginous tropical soil in a semi-arid region: a simulation approach · 2011
Same direction
positive
Compost increased soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and pH.
Restauration des potentialités de sols dégradés à l'aide du zaï et du compost dans le Yatenga (Burkina Faso) · 2008
Same direction

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fertilization · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results

118 papers: 111 positive, 7 negative or no effect

110 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
FYM with 50% recommended fertilizer caused the highest uptake of N and P by sorghum.
Effect of nutrient and weed management on forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under rainfed condition · 2001
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Balanced nutrient application did not increase sorghum grain Fe and Zn content.
Combating micronutrient malnutrition: identification of commercial sorghum cultivars with high grain iron and zinc. · 2010
Opposite direction
no effect
Fertilizer N did not influence soil pH, microaggregation, organic C, or extractable nutrients.
Sorghum Stover Removal Effects on Soil Organic Matter content, Extractable Nutrients, and Crop Yield · 1992
Opposite direction

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fertilization · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

446 papers: 418 positive, 28 negative or no effect

417 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
FYM with 50% recommended fertilizer significantly increased green fodder yield of sorghum by 35.1 over the control.
Effect of nutrient and weed management on forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under rainfed condition · 2001 · compared with control
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Urea plus farmyard manure increased dry matter yield by 11 .I - 18.6% over urea alone.
Yield and quality of multi-cut forage sorghum (Sorghum sudanense) as influenced b y integrated nitrogen management · 2001 · compared with application of 100 kg Nlha through urea
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Azospirillum with split urea and organic nitrogen raised grain yield 44% versus control.
Azosprillium based integrated nutrient management for conserving soil moisture and increasing sorghum productivity · 2014 · compared with control
Same directionCites this paper

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

phosphorus · yield · SorghumResults differ

fertilization · growth · SorghumResults differ

nanoparticle · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

nanoparticle · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

phosphorus · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

fertilization · soil: chemistry · SorghumPositive and negative results

fertilization · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results

fertilization · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results