Abstract
Climate change emerges in different forms such as drought, which is prevalent all over the world, especially in semi-arid and arid regions. Crop production especially wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is affected due to water shortage at critical growth stages in Pakistan. A greenhouse experiment was conducted by using plastic trays to assess the performance of wheat to exogenous silicon (Si) application under water stress which in applied through skipping irrigation at critical stages at College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. Experiment include irrigation levels (I1: irrigation at crown root stage + booting stage, I2: irrigation at crown root stage + anthesis stage, I3: crown root stage + grain development stage, I4: crown root stage + booting stage + anthesis stage + grain development stage, I5: crown root stage + tillering stage + booting stage + earing stage + milking stage + dough stage) and foliar application of Si viz., Si0: 0% (Control), Si1: 0.25%, Si2: 0.50%, and Si3: 1% (w/v). Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency. In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency. Moreover, treatment combinations I4 + Si3 and I3 + Si3 were statistically at par with treatment combination I5 + Si3 which indicating the role of Si in mitigating negative impact of water shortage and improved these parameters. It is concluded that plant exhibited positive response at irrigation levels I3 and I4 in combination with foliar-applied Si3 while irrigation level lower than I3 with Si3 was not showed positive improvement in crop productivity.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced yield and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced Si contents in plants.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- Si contents in plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced root length.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 reduced water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + Si0 increased evapotranspiration efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 + Si0e0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiration efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination I1 + Si0 significantly reduced yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased yield and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield attributese1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased Si contents in plants.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- Si contents in plantse1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased root length.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 increased water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I5 + Si3 reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I5 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiration efficiencye1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, treatment combination I5 + Si3 significantly increased these parameters and reduced evapotranspiration efficiency.”
e1“yield and yield attributes, net assimilation rate, Si contents in plants, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, root length and water use efficiency furthermore, increased evapotranspiration efficiency”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I4 + Si3 was statistically at par with I5 + Si3 for the reported parameters.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I4 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Comparator
- I5 + Si3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, treatment combinations I4 + Si3 and I3 + Si3 were statistically at par with treatment combination I5 + Si3 which indicating the role of Si in mitigating negative impact of water shortage and improved these parameters.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 + Si3 was statistically at par with I5 + Si3 for the reported parameters.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3 + Si3e0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Comparator
- I5 + Si3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, treatment combinations I4 + Si3 and I3 + Si3 were statistically at par with treatment combination I5 + Si3 which indicating the role of Si in mitigating negative impact of water shortage and improved these parameters.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 and I4 with Si3 gave a positive plant response.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation levels I3 and I4 in combination with foliar-applied Si3e0
- Outcome
- positive responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that plant exhibited positive response at irrigation levels I3 and I4 in combination with foliar-applied Si3 while irrigation level lower than I3 with Si3 was not showed positive improvement in crop productivity.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation below I3 with Si3 did not improve crop productivity.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation level lower than I3 with Si3e0
- Outcome
- crop productivitye0
- Direction
- not showed positive improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that plant exhibited positive response at irrigation levels I3 and I4 in combination with foliar-applied Si3 while irrigation level lower than I3 with Si3 was not showed positive improvement in crop productivity.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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