Abstract
Recent global warming has increased the risk of heat stress which may adversely affect crop productivity worldwide. Higher temperature during reproductive stage is one of major constraint that adversely affects grain filling and seed setting in spring maize (Zea mays L.) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of different elicitors (salicylic acid, CaCl 2, Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract) to improve yield performance of heat stressed spring maize. Seed priming techniques (hydropriming, osmopriming, organic priming and hormonal priming) were used to investigate the impact of exogenous elicitors on physiological, biochemical and yield-related attributes of late planted spring maize. Results revealed that higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate which ultimately led to decreased grain yield. However, exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics and triggered early seedling development, and exhibited significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants. Among elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%), grain yield (27%), biological yield (14%), harvest index (9%) and grain protein (28%) as compared to control in late planted spring maize. The multivariate analysis also indicate that physio-biochemical traits were more pronounced in hormonal priming with SA as compared to other exogenous elicitors. In conclusion, application of exogenous elicitors like SA is most effective and easy approach that may help to improve crop performance with increased grain yield and quality in late planted spring maize that prone to high temperature.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature at maturity decreased grain yield of spring maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate which ultimately led to decreased grain yield”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature at maturity reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate.
- Treatment
- higher temperature at maturitye1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate which ultimately led to decreased grain yield”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage in spring maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate which ultimately led to decreased grain yield”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics of heat-stressed spring maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics and triggered early seedling development, and exhibited significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous elicitors triggered early seedling development in spring maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics and triggered early seedling development, and exhibited significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous elicitors gave significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants.
- Treatment
- exogenous elicitorse1
- Outcome
- seedling chlorophyll contentse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics and triggered early seedling development, and exhibited significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher membrane stability index (26%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 26%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher relative water content (16%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 16%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher crop growth rate (13%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 13%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher net assimilation rate (29%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 29%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher grain yield (27%) than control in late planted spring maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%), grain yield (27%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher biological yield (14%) than control in late planted spring maize.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 14%e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%), grain yield (27%), biological yield (14%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave significantly higher harvest index (9%) than control in late planted spring maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%), grain yield (27%), biological yield (14%), harvest index (9%)”
e2“as compared to control in late planted spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Physio-biochemical traits were more pronounced with hormonal priming with SA than with other exogenous elicitors.
- Treatment
- hormonal priming with SAe1
- Outcome
- physio-biochemical traitse1
- Direction
- more pronouncede1
- Comparator
- other exogenous elicitorse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The multivariate analysis also indicate that physio-biochemical traits were more pronounced in hormonal priming with SA as compared to other exogenous elicitors”
e2“in spring maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of exogenous elicitors such as SA is recommended to improve performance of late planted spring maize.
- Outcome
- application of exogenous elicitors like SAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“application of exogenous elicitors like SA is most effective and easy approach”
e2“in late planted spring maize that prone to high temperature”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →salicylic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →salicylic acid · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →resistance inducer · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →stage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
94 papers more in this group
See all 98 papers →resistance inducer · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.