Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MF-30 isolated from maize rhizosphere was characterized for several plant growth stimulating attributes. The strain MF-30 was also evaluated for antifungal properties against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize (Zea mays L.) under in vitro conditions and was found to have higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%) followed by volatile organic compounds (62.66%) and crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay. The endophytic and epiphytic colonization ability was tested using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagging. Visualization through confocal scanning laser microscope clearly indicated that strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated in the induction and bioaccumulation of defense-related biomolecules, enzymes, natural antioxidants, and other changes in maize under pot trial. This not only provided protection from R. solani but also ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize. The maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively). Effects on total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30. The activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes with the simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions. A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Significant increase in plant growth and antioxidant content, as well as decreased disease severity in the P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants, suggested the possibility of an eco-friendly and economical means of achieving antioxidants-rich, healthier maize plants.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 culture suspension suppressed Rhizoctonia mycelial growth by 67.41%.
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanit0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth suppressione0
- Value
- 67.41%e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%)”
e1“higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%)”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
t1“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 volatile compounds suppressed Rhizoctonia mycelial growth by 62.66%.
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth suppressione2
- Value
- 62.66%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“volatile organic compounds (62.66%)”
e1“volatile organic compounds (62.66%)”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
t1“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
e2“higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 crude extract suppressed Rhizoctonia mycelial growth by 51.20%.
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth suppressione2
- Value
- 51.20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay”
e1“crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
t1“Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize”
e2“higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 colonized maize roots and foliage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants”
e1“strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 biopriming protected maize from Rhizoctonia.
- Treatment
- seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30e2
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosa MF-30
Pseudomonas aeruginosae2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- protection from R. solanie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This not only provided protection from R. solani”
e1“This not only provided protection from R. solani”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
e2“effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 biopriming promoted maize growth under pathogen stress.
- Treatment
- seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30e2
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosa MF-30Pseudomonas aeruginosae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize”
e1“ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize”
e2“effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen alone gave maximum root hydrogen peroxide at 8.47 mmol mg−1 protein, versus 3.49 with MF-30.
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- R. solani alonee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8.47e0
- Comparator
- P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively)”
e1“maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen alone gave maximum shoot hydrogen peroxide at 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, versus 7.50 with MF-30.
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- R. solani alonee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 17.50 mmol mg−1 proteine0
- Comparator
- P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively)”
e1“maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 inoculation significantly enhanced soluble sugar, protein, and proline.
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30e0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosa MF-30Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total prolinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30”
e1“total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 biopriming and spray significantly increased five defense enzyme activities relative to pathogen alone.
- Treatment
- bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30e0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosa MF-30Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- pathogen alone inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants”
e1“activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 application significantly increased PR-1 and PR-10 expression.
- Treatment
- seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30e0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosa MF-30Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- PR-1 and PR-10 genese0
- Outcome
- expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes”
e1“seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 treatment decreased maize disease severity and lesion length under pathogen stress.
- Treatment
- seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30e2
- Outcome
- disease severity and lesion lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions”
e1“simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions”
e2“seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
MF-30 biopriming significantly increased shoot and root biomass relative to untreated controls.
- Treatment
- MF-30 bio-primed plantse0
- Interactor
- MF-30e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05)”
e1“A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05)”
t0“Maize”
t1“Maize”
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