Abstract
Nitrogen fertilisation and plant spacing hold potential for the integrated management of rice insect pests. Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania to evaluate the effects of plant spacing and nitrogenous fertiliser on incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers. A 3 × 4 × 4 factorial experiment was used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included application of urea fertiliser at four levels (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg N ha−1) and spacing at four levels (10 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 25 cm × 25 cm). Nitrogen significantly increased dead hearts by 4.8%, white heads by 2.8% and stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.6 larvae/m2. Decreasing the planting density significantly increased dead hearts by 4.7%, white heads by 2.7% and stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.4 larvae/m2. The interaction of nitrogen fertiliser rates and plant spacing did not affect stem borer incidences nor larvae density, but did influence the rice yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased dead hearts by 4.8%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Nitrogene1
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- dead heartse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 4.8%e1
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e1“Nitrogen significantly increased dead hearts by 4.8%”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased white heads by 2.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene1
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- white headse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 2.8%e1
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e1“Nitrogen significantly increased dead hearts by 4.8%, white heads by 2.8%”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.6 larvae/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene1
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- stem borer larvae densitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.6 larvae/m2e1
- Qualifier
- from 0 toe1
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e1“Nitrogen significantly increased dead hearts by 4.8%, white heads by 2.8% and stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.6 larvae/m2”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing the planting density significantly increased dead hearts by 4.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Decreasing the planting densitye4
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- dead heartse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 4.7%e4
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e4“Decreasing the planting density significantly increased dead hearts by 4.7%”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing the planting density significantly increased white heads by 2.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Decreasing the planting densitye5
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- white headse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 2.7%e5
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e5“Decreasing the planting density significantly increased dead hearts by 4.7%, white heads by 2.7%”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing the planting density significantly increased stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.4 larvae/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Decreasing the planting densitye6
- Interactor
- stem borere3pest
- Outcome
- stem borer larvae densitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 5.4 larvae/m2e6
- Qualifier
- from 0 toe6
- Setting
- Kilombero, Tanzaniae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e6“Decreasing the planting density significantly increased dead hearts by 4.7%, white heads by 2.7% and stem borer larvae density from 0 to 5.4 larvae/m2”
e2“Field experiments were conducted in Kilombero, Tanzania”
e3“incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of nitrogen rate and plant spacing did not affect stem borer incidence or larvae density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- The interaction of nitrogen fertiliser rates and plant spacinge7
- Interactor
- stem borere7pest
- Outcome
- stem borer incidences nor larvae densitye7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e7“The interaction of nitrogen fertiliser rates and plant spacing did not affect stem borer incidences nor larvae density”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of nitrogen rate and plant spacing influenced rice yield; the direction is not stated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- The interaction of nitrogen fertiliser rates and plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of rice insect pests”
e1“The interaction of nitrogen fertiliser rates and plant spacing did not affect stem borer incidences nor larvae density, but did influence the rice yield”
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See all 66 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.