Abstract
We examined the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilization on wheat, focusing on yield and biofortification in the grains of two wheat varieties. Five Zn rates, i.e., 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg ha−1 applied as ZnSO4·7H2O (23% Zn), and two wheat varieties, i.e., ‘BARI Gom-25’ and ‘BARI Gom-26,’ were used in the study. All plant characteristics, except 1,000-grain weight and plant height, i.e., tillers plant−1, spikes m−2, spike length, spikelets spike−1, and grains spike−1, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization. Treatment with 3.0 kg Zn ha−1 (Zn3.0) produced the highest grain yield (3.90 t ha−1), which was statistically similar to Zn4.5 and Zn6.0 treatments. The control treatment (Zn0) produced the lowest grain yield (2.99 t ha−1). The concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by Zn treatment. The crop varieties did not differ significantly in terms of N and Zn concentrations. However, the grain Fe concentration was remarkably higher in ‘BARI Gom-26’ than in ‘BARI Gom-25.’ The grain N and protein concentrations increased linearly with the Zn application rate. The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line, indicating that the concentration of Zn in wheat grain increased with Zn fertilization; however, it attained a maximum value in the Zn4.5 treatment, after which it declined with higher rate of Zn application. The application of Zn at the rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 resulted in the highest Zn fortification (39.7 µg g−1) in wheat grains, which was 17.1% higher than in the control treatment. The response curve showed that 4.62 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-25’ and 3.94 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-26’ were the optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yield. However, 5.5 kg ha−1 was the optimum Zn rate for obtaining higher Zn fortification in wheat grains.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization significantly influenced tillers, spikes, spike length, spikelets and grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- tillers plant−1, spikes m−2, spike lengthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All plant characteristics, except 1,000-grain weight and plant height, i.e., tillers plant−1, spikes m−2, spike length, spikelets spike−1, and grains spike−1, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization did not significantly influence thousand-grain weight or plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- 1,000-grain weight and plant heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All plant characteristics, except 1,000-grain weight and plant height, i.e., tillers plant−1, spikes m−2, spike length, spikelets spike−1, and grains spike−1, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.0 kg Zn ha−1 treatment gave the highest wheat grain yield, 3.90 t ha−1, statistically similar to higher rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 3.0 kg Zn ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.90 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- Zn4.5 and Zn6.0 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 3.0 kg Zn ha−1 (Zn3.0) produced the highest grain yield (3.90 t ha−1), which was statistically similar to Zn4.5 and Zn6.0 treatments.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The control yielded the lowest wheat grain yield, 2.99 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- control treatment (Zn0)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.99 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control treatment (Zn0) produced the lowest grain yield (2.99 t ha−1).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment significantly increased grain nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmente0
- Outcome
- concentrations of N, Zn, and Fee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by Zn treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The two wheat varieties did not differ significantly in nitrogen and zinc concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- crop varietiese0
- Outcome
- N and Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crop varieties did not differ significantly in terms of N and Zn concentrations.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
BARI Gom-26 had higher grain iron than BARI Gom-25.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BARI Gom-26e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- BARI Gom-25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Fe concentration was remarkably higher in ‘BARI Gom-26’ than in ‘BARI Gom-25.’”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen and protein increased linearly with zinc application rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn application ratee0
- Outcome
- grain N and protein concentrationse0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain N and protein concentrations increased linearly with the Zn application rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain zinc rose with zinc rate to Zn4.5 and declined at higher rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn application ratese0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after which it declined with higher rate of Zn applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line, indicating that the concentration of Zn in wheat grain increased with Zn fertilization; however, it attained a maximum value in the Zn4.5 treatment, after which it declined with higher rate of Zn application.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.5 kg ha−1 zinc, grain zinc fortification was 39.7 µg g−1, 17.1% above control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn at the rate of 4.5 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- Zn fortificatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 39.7 µg g−1e0
- Qualifier
- 17.1% highere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Zn at the rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 resulted in the highest Zn fortification (39.7 µg g−1) in wheat grains, which was 17.1% higher than in the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The modeled optimum zinc rate for BARI Gom-25 yield was 4.62 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- BARI Gom-25e0
- Outcome
- optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yielde0
- Value
- 4.62 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response curve showed that 4.62 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-25’ and 3.94 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-26’ were the optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The modeled optimum zinc rate for BARI Gom-26 yield was 3.94 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- BARI Gom-26e0
- Outcome
- optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yielde0
- Value
- 3.94 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response curve showed that 4.62 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-25’ and 3.94 kg ha−1 for ‘BARI Gom-26’ were the optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum zinc rate for grain zinc fortification was 5.5 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- optimum Zn rate for obtaining higher Zn fortificatione0
- Value
- 5.5 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.5 kg ha−1 was the optimum Zn rate for obtaining higher Zn fortification in wheat grains.”
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.