Abstract
Salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate and ethylene have been suggested as signals for activation of plant defense responses against pathogen infections. Fungal elicitors have been shown to induce defense-related genes. However, it is not known how pathogenesis-related (PR) genes are regulated by fungal elicitors. Arachidonic acid (AA) and cellulases, which are fungal elicitors, have been used to study the induction of osmotin gene expression. The combination of AA and cellulases resulted in more than an additive effect of AA and cellulases alone on activating the osmotin gene. Inhibitor studies suggested that ethylene is involved in the induction of osmotin by these two elicitors. Heat-released elicitors from mycelial walls of pathogenic (Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, race 0) and non-pathogenic (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) fungi have been isolated and used to induce PR-1 and osmotin genes by these elicitors. The non-pathogenic elicitor induced PR gene expression to a much higher level than did the pathogenic elicitor. The expression patterns of these two PR genes and the accumulations of their encoded proteins were dramatically affected by salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate, and ethylene and combinations of these plant growth regulators. Ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylic acid are involved in the induction of PR-1 and osmotin by mycelial wall elicitor of non-pathogenic fungus. The non-pathogenic elicitor, but not the pathogenic elicitor, induced resistance of tobacco seedlings to P. parasitica var. nicotianae (race 0), a pathogen which causes black shank disease in tobacco. The protection induced by the non-pathogenic elicitor was dramatic and lasted for more than 3 weeks compared to salicylic acid or the combination of salicylic acid and methyl-jasmonate which could only induce resistance for a few days.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The non-pathogenic fungal elicitor induced PR gene expression in tobacco to a much higher level than the pathogenic elicitor.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- non-pathogenic elicitore1
- Outcome
- PR gene expressione1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Comparator
- pathogenic elicitore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e1“The non-pathogenic elicitor induced PR gene expression to a much higher level than did the pathogenic elicitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The non-pathogenic elicitor induced resistance of tobacco seedlings to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, but the pathogenic elicitor did not.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- non-pathogenic elicitore2
- Interactor
- P. parasitica var. nicotianae
Phytophthora nicotianaee2pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee2
- Direction
- inducede2
- Comparator
- pathogenic elicitore2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e2“The non-pathogenic elicitor, but not the pathogenic elicitor, induced resistance of tobacco seedlings to P. parasitica var. nicotianae (race 0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection by the non-pathogenic elicitor lasted more than 3 weeks, whereas salicylic acid or its combination with methyl-jasmonate induced resistance for only a few days.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- non-pathogenic elicitore3
- Outcome
- protectione3
- Direction
- lasted fore3
- Value
- more than 3 weekse3
- Qualifier
- for a few dayse3
- Comparator
- salicylic acid or the combination of salicylic acid and methyl-jasmonatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e3“The protection induced by the non-pathogenic elicitor was dramatic and lasted for more than 3 weeks compared to salicylic acid or the combination of salicylic acid and methyl-jasmonate which could only induce resistance for a few days”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of arachidonic acid and cellulases gave more than an additive effect on activation of the osmotin gene.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combination of AA and cellulasese4
- Gene
- osmotin genee4
- Outcome
- activating the osmotin genee4
- Direction
- more than an additive effecte4
- Comparator
- AA and cellulases alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e4“The combination of AA and cellulases resulted in more than an additive effect of AA and cellulases alone on activating the osmotin gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitor studies suggest that ethylene is involved in osmotin induction by the two elicitors.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- ethylenee5
- Outcome
- induction of osmotine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e5“Inhibitor studies suggested that ethylene is involved in the induction of osmotin by these two elicitors”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate and ethylene, alone and in combination, dramatically affected PR gene expression and protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate, and ethylenee6
- Outcome
- expression patterns of these two PR genese6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e6“The expression patterns of these two PR genes and the accumulations of their encoded proteins were dramatically affected by salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate, and ethylene and combinations of these plant growth regulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene, jasmonate and salicylic acid are involved in the induction of PR-1 and osmotin by the mycelial wall elicitor of a non-pathogenic fungus.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- PR-1e7
- Compound
- Ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylic acide7
- Outcome
- induction of PR-1 and osmotine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Induction of pathogenesis-related genes and pathogen resistance in tobacco”
e7“Ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylic acid are involved in the induction of PR-1 and osmotin by mycelial wall elicitor of non-pathogenic fungus”
The same questions in other papers
resistance inducer · Phytophthora nicotianae · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.