Abstract
Drought is a burning issue all over the world that has led to remarkable reductions in the growth and yield of crops. Based upon the current problem, a series of two rain out shelter pot research experiments were performed to evaluate the drought tolerance in canola by foliar application of potassium (K) under water deficiency conditions in the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four varieties of canola (Faisal Canola, Cyclone, Shiarlae, and Dunkled) were tested under two water deficit levels (100% FC and 50% FC) and two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K. The data was recorded with standard procedures when the plants were grown up to maturity. Results concluded that drought posed a significant decrease in all parameters under study. However, supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2% at both (vegetative and reproductive) stages of canola enhanced the water potential (0.24% and 0.23%), osmotic potential (0.12% and 0.11%), turgor pressure (0.66% and 0.58%), respectively. Similarly, the chlorophyll contents as chlorophyll a (0.25% and 0.28%), chlorophyll b (1.26% and 1.80%) and leaf carotenoid contents (0.20% and 0.62%) were also increased where K was applied at the rate of 2% during vegetative and reproductive stages of canola. The foliar applied K at the rate 2% enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate (13.11 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 15.96 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), transpiration rate (5.36 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 5.54 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) and stomatal conductance (0.22 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.26 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) of the plants at both stages. Yield attributes such as thousand seed weight (1.03% and 1.03%), seed yield (0.58% and 0.58%) and biological yield (0.35% and 0.38%) were increased by foliar K application under water deficit conditions at both stages. The genotype Shiralae showed significant improvement among all others genotypes under normal as well as water deficit conditions
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused a significant decrease in all parameters studied in canola compared with the 100% field capacity level.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- droughte1
- Outcome
- all parameters under studye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- 100% FCe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e1“drought posed a significant decrease in all parameters under study”
e2“two water deficit levels (100% FC and 50% FC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium at both stages raised canola water potential by 0.24% and 0.23% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- water potentiale2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 0.24% and 0.23%e2
- Qualifier
- at both (vegetative and reproductive) stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2% at both (vegetative and reproductive) stages of canola enhanced”
e2“water potential (0.24% and 0.23%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium at both stages raised canola osmotic potential by 0.12% and 0.11% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- osmotic potentiale2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 0.12% and 0.11%e2
- Qualifier
- at both (vegetative and reproductive) stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2% at both (vegetative and reproductive) stages of canola enhanced”
e2“osmotic potential (0.12% and 0.11%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium at both stages raised canola turgor pressure by 0.66% and 0.58% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- turgor pressuree2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 0.66% and 0.58%e2
- Qualifier
- at both (vegetative and reproductive) stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“supplemental foliar application of potassium at the rate of 2% at both (vegetative and reproductive) stages of canola enhanced”
e2“turgor pressure (0.66% and 0.58%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium during the vegetative and reproductive stages increased canola chlorophyll a by 0.25% and 0.28% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- K was applied at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.25% and 0.28%e2
- Qualifier
- during vegetative and reproductive stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were also increased where K was applied at the rate of 2% during vegetative and reproductive stages of canola”
e2“chlorophyll a (0.25% and 0.28%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium during the vegetative and reproductive stages increased canola chlorophyll b by 1.26% and 1.80% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- K was applied at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.26% and 1.80%e2
- Qualifier
- during vegetative and reproductive stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were also increased where K was applied at the rate of 2% during vegetative and reproductive stages of canola”
e2“chlorophyll b (1.26% and 1.80%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium during the vegetative and reproductive stages increased canola leaf carotenoid contents by 0.20% and 0.62% relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- K was applied at the rate of 2%e1
- Outcome
- leaf carotenoid contentse2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.20% and 0.62%e2
- Qualifier
- during vegetative and reproductive stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were also increased where K was applied at the rate of 2% during vegetative and reproductive stages of canola”
e2“leaf carotenoid contents (0.20% and 0.62%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium raised canola leaf photosynthetic rate to 13.11 and 15.96 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar applied K at the rate 2%e1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 13.11 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 15.96 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1e2
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The foliar applied K at the rate 2% enhanced”
e2“leaf photosynthetic rate (13.11 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 15.96 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium raised canola transpiration rate to 5.36 and 5.54 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar applied K at the rate 2%e1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 5.36 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 5.54 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1e2
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The foliar applied K at the rate 2% enhanced”
e2“transpiration rate (5.36 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 5.54 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% potassium raised canola stomatal conductance to 0.22 and 0.26 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar applied K at the rate 2%e1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 0.22 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.26 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1e2
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The foliar applied K at the rate 2% enhanced”
e2“stomatal conductance (0.22 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.26 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium under water deficit increased canola thousand seed weight by 1.03% and 1.03% at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar K applicatione1
- Outcome
- thousand seed weighte2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.03% and 1.03%e2
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditions at both stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were increased by foliar K application under water deficit conditions at both stages”
e2“thousand seed weight (1.03% and 1.03%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium under water deficit increased canola seed yield by 0.58% and 0.58% at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar K applicatione1
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.58% and 0.58%e2
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditions at both stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were increased by foliar K application under water deficit conditions at both stages”
e2“seed yield (0.58% and 0.58%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium under water deficit increased canola biological yield by 0.35% and 0.38% at the two stages relative to 0% K.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- foliar K applicatione1
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.35% and 0.38%e2
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditions at both stagese1
- Comparator
- 0% Ke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were increased by foliar K application under water deficit conditions at both stages”
e2“biological yield (0.35% and 0.38%)”
e3“two treatments of foliar potassium application i.e., 0% K and 2% K”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
The canola genotype Shiralae showed significant improvement over all other genotypes under both normal and water deficit conditions.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Shiralaee1
- Outcome
- significant improvement among all others genotypese1
- Qualifier
- under normal as well as water deficit conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e1“The genotype Shiralae showed significant improvement among all others genotypes under normal as well as water deficit conditions”
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