Abstract
Summary The barley aleurone layer is a terminally differentiated secretory tissue whose activity is hormonally controlled. The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) stimulates the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and triggers the onset of programmed cell death (PCD). Abscisic acid (ABA) antagonizes the effects of GA and inhibits enzyme secretion and PCD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in many types of PCD, and data presented here implicate ROS in hormonally regulated death of barley aleurone cells. Incubation of aleurone layers or protoplasts in H 2 O 2 ‐containing media results in death of GA‐treated but not ABA‐treated aleurone cells. Cells that are programmed to die are therefore less able to withstand ROS than cells that are programmed to remain alive. Illumination of barley aleurone protoplasts with blue or UV‐A light results in a rapid increase in intracellular H 2 O 2 production. GA‐treated protoplasts die rapidly in response to this increase in intracellular H 2 O 2 production, but ABA‐treated protoplasts do not die. The rate of light‐induced death could be slowed by antioxidants, and incubating protoplasts in the dark with the antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene reduces the rate of hormonally induced death. Taken together, these data demonstrate that GA‐treated aleurone protoplasts are less able than ABA‐treated protoplasts to tolerate internally generated or exogenously applied H 2 O 2 , and strongly suggest that ROS are components of the hormonally regulated cell death pathway in barley aleurone cells.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid stimulates hydrolytic enzyme secretion and initiates programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA)e0
- Outcome
- secretion of hydrolytic enzymese0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) stimulates the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and triggers the onset of programmed cell death (PCD).”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid triggers programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA)e0
- Outcome
- programmed cell death (PCD)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) stimulates the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and triggers the onset of programmed cell death (PCD).”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid inhibits enzyme secretion and programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- enzyme secretion and PCDe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Comparator
- GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid (ABA) antagonizes the effects of GA and inhibits enzyme secretion and PCD.”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide exposure killed GA treated aleurone cells but not ABA treated cells.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- aleurone layers or protoplastse0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2 ‐containing mediae0
- Outcome
- death of GA‐treated but not ABA‐treated aleurone cellse0
- Comparator
- ABA‐treatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incubation of aleurone layers or protoplasts in H 2 O 2 ‐containing media results in death of GA‐treated but not ABA‐treated aleurone cells.”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue or UV A light rapidly increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide production.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- aleurone protoplastse0
- Treatment
- blue or UV‐A lighte0
- Outcome
- intracellular H 2 O 2 productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Illumination of barley aleurone protoplasts with blue or UV‐A light results in a rapid increase in intracellular H 2 O 2 production.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treated protoplasts died rapidly after light induced hydrogen peroxide production, whereas ABA treated protoplasts did not.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- GA‐treatede0
- Outcome
- protoplasts die rapidlye0
- Comparator
- ABA‐treatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA‐treated protoplasts die rapidly in response to this increase in intracellular H 2 O 2 production, but ABA‐treated protoplasts do not die.”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants slowed light induced cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- rate of light‐induced deathe0
- Direction
- slowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of light‐induced death could be slowed by antioxidants”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Butylated hydroxy toluene reduced hormonally induced death in darkness.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- butylated hydroxy toluenee0
- Outcome
- rate of hormonally induced deathe0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Qualifier
- in the darke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incubating protoplasts in the dark with the antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene reduces the rate of hormonally induced death”
t0“barley aleurone protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in hormonally regulated barley aleurone cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- hormonally regulated cell death pathwaye0
- Qualifier
- ROSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strongly suggest that ROS are components of the hormonally regulated cell death pathway in barley aleurone cells”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · physiology: enzyme activity · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.