Abstract
Boron (B) is vital for crops and helps in grain setting, but its deficiency is increasing due to its fixation in calcareous soils of Pakistan which results in premature opening of spikelets and failure of grain production in wheat thus leading to the reduced crop yield and economic return. To overcome this problem, a field trial was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad for analyzing the effectiveness of different levels of B spray on wheat. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used for allocation of treatments. Treatments included were eight levels of B (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%) along with water spray and control (without any treatment). Boron solution of different concentrations was prepared by dissolving required quantity of boric acid in water. Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels. Overall, it is depicted that 1.5% B applied by foliar spray at booting stage triggered both yield and quality of wheat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron foliar spray gave the maximum spike length of 12.66 cm.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- spike lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.66 cme0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave the maximum 50 grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- grains spike-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 50e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum thousand grain weight of 35g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- seed index/1000-grains weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 35ge0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum biological yield of 9.85 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 9.85 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum grain yield of 4.72 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.72 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum harvest index of 47.88 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 47.88 %e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum wheat protein content of 11.90 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- proteinse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 11.90 %e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave maximum wheat carbohydrate content of 66.96%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 66.96%e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.5% boron spray gave the maximum benefit to cost ratio of 1.31.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 1.5% B solutione0
- Outcome
- benefit to cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.31e0
- Comparator
- all other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 1.5% B solution produced maximum spike length (12.66 cm), grains spike-1 (50), seed index/1000-grains weight (35g), biological yield (9.85 t ha-1), grain yield (4.72 t ha-1), harvest index (47.88 %), proteins (11.90 %), carbohydrates (66.96%) and benefit to cost ratio (1.31) when compared with all other levels.”
t0“wheat”
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