Abstract
Potassium is an essential nutrient that contributes to the survival of wheat once subjected to water deficit conditions. A field trial was conducted using a randomized complete block design with splitplot arrangements. Different water regimes, including well-watered and water-deficit conditions at the tillering stage, were maintained in the main plot. Subplot treatments included no potassium; soil applied the recommended dose of potassium, distilled water spray, 1% potassium spray, and 2% potassium spray, respectively. A significantly higher value of gas exchange characteristics, water relations, and wheat yield was recorded with the foliar application of potassium than those of the control. The foliar spray of 2% potassium was superior to soil-applied potash under water deficit conditions, with a 25.33% improvement in grain yield of wheat. Similarly, a 47.58% and 25.76% improvement in grain yield of wheat was recorded with 2% and 1% potassium spray as compared to that of distilled water spray under water deficit conditions. The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively. Irrigation water use efficiency under drought conditions was 51.02% higher with a 2% foliar spray of potash than in well-watered conditions where potassium was not applied. The benefit-cost ratio was recorded as 1.24 and 1.30 with 2% foliar application of potassium and soil-applied potassium, respectively. Our findings displayed that a 2% foliar spray of potash can be utilized under water deficit conditions for improvement of grain yield, whereas soil application of potash can be utilized with additional benefits.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium increased wheat gas exchange, water relations and yield relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- foliar application of potassiume0
- Outcome
- gas exchange characteristics, water relations, and wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher value of gas exchange characteristics, water relations, and wheat yield was recorded with the foliar application of potassium than those of the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2% potassium spray improved wheat grain yield 25.33% relative to soil-applied potash under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 2% potassiume0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 25.33%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- soil-applied potashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spray of 2% potassium was superior to soil-applied potash under water deficit conditions, with a 25.33% improvement in grain yield of wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2% potassium spray improved wheat grain yield 47.58% relative to distilled water spray under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2%e0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 47.58%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- distilled water spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 47.58% and 25.76% improvement in grain yield of wheat was recorded with 2% and 1% potassium spray as compared to that of distilled water spray under water deficit conditions.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1% potassium spray improved wheat grain yield 25.76% relative to distilled water spray under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% potassium spraye0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 25.76%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- distilled water spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 47.58% and 25.76% improvement in grain yield of wheat was recorded with 2% and 1% potassium spray as compared to that of distilled water spray under water deficit conditions.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat chlorophyll content was reported at 21.5%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Value
- 21.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cell membrane stability was reported at 26.07%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- cell membrane stabilitye0
- Value
- 26.07%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat relative water content was reported at 2.79%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Value
- 2.79%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat net photosynthetic rate was reported at 84.41%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Value
- 84.41%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat stomatal conductance was reported at 13.84%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Value
- 13.84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat transpiration rate was reported at 10%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Value
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were 21.5%, 26.07%, 2.79%, 84.41%, 13.84%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water use efficiency was 51.02% higher with 2% foliar potash under drought than in well-watered conditions without potassium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2% foliar spray of potashe0
- Outcome
- Irrigation water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 51.02%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered conditions where potassium was not appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation water use efficiency under drought conditions was 51.02% higher with a 2% foliar spray of potash than in well-watered conditions where potassium was not applied.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit-cost ratio with 2% foliar potassium was 1.24.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2% foliar application of potassiume0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The benefit-cost ratio was recorded as 1.24 and 1.30 with 2% foliar application of potassium and soil-applied potassium, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit-cost ratio with soil-applied potassium was 1.30.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil-applied potassiume0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The benefit-cost ratio was recorded as 1.24 and 1.30 with 2% foliar application of potassium and soil-applied potassium, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 2% foliar potash under water deficit to improve wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2% foliar spray of potashe0
- Outcome
- improvement of grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2% foliar spray of potash can be utilized under water deficit conditions for improvement of grain yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soil potash application for additional benefits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of potashe0
- Outcome
- additional benefitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of potash can be utilized with additional benefits.”
t0“Wheat”
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