Abstract
To study the effects of nitrogen (N) rate and co-inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium phaseoli) on common bean, an experiment was performed in Rasht, Iran. Common bean genotype, Guilanian landrace, was planted in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates on April, 15th in 2014. The first and second factors were nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg.ha-1 as urea) and Rhizobium phaseoli (inoculation and un-inoculation), respectively. Nitrogen had significant effect on seed yield and plant height. The effect of Rhizobium phaseoli was significant on seed yield, plant height, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod and nitrogen content in leaf. Interaction effects of nitrogen and Rhizobium phaseoli were not significant on any of the traits. Application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogen significantly improved seed yield, plant height and number of pods per plant. Nitrogen supply beyond the 60 kg.ha-1 decreased plant height, pods per plant and seed yield. The greatest values of seed yield (1635 kg.ha-1), plant height (30.01 cm), pod length (13.19 cm), number of pods per plant (6.7), number of seeds per pod (4.34) and nitrogen content in leaf (4.12%) was observed in inoculation treatment. The results indicated the inoculation of common bean seeds by Rhizobium phaseoli improved the plant growth, productivity and quality. Therefore, the common bean inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli is suitable to achieve the yield potential and reduce the adverse effects of environmental and may be recommended due to its advantages in terms of reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate had a significant effect on common bean seed yield and plant height.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- seed yield and plant heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“Nitrogen had significant effect on seed yield and plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation had a significant effect on common bean seed yield, plant height and pod length.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium phaseolie0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yield, plant height, pod lengthe0
- Comparator
- un-inoculatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The effect of Rhizobium phaseoli was significant on seed yield, plant height, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod and nitrogen content in leaf”
e1“(inoculation and un-inoculation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation had a significant effect on common bean pods per plant, seeds per pod and leaf nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium phaseolie0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Outcome
- pods per plant, seeds per pod and nitrogen content in leafe0
- Comparator
- un-inoculatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The effect of Rhizobium phaseoli was significant on seed yield, plant height, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod and nitrogen content in leaf”
e1“(inoculation and un-inoculation)”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of nitrogen rate and Rhizobium phaseoli was not significant for any of the traits measured.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and Rhizobium phaseolie0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Outcome
- any of the traitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“Interaction effects of nitrogen and Rhizobium phaseoli were not significant on any of the traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen significantly improved common bean seed yield, plant height and number of pods per plant.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogene0
- Outcome
- seed yield, plant height and number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“Application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogen significantly improved seed yield, plant height and number of pods per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply beyond 60 kg ha-1 decreased common bean plant height, pods per plant and seed yield.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen supply beyond the 60 kg.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- plant height, pods per plant and seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“Nitrogen supply beyond the 60 kg.ha-1 decreased plant height, pods per plant and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest common bean seed yield, 1635 kg ha-1, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 1635 kg.ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“seed yield (1635 kg.ha-1)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest common bean plant height, 30.01 cm, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 30.01 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“plant height (30.01 cm)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest common bean pod length, 13.19 cm, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- pod lengthe1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 13.19 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“pod length (13.19 cm)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of pods per plant, 6.7, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 6.7e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“number of pods per plant (6.7)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of seeds per pod, 4.34, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 4.34e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“number of seeds per pod (4.34)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest leaf nitrogen content, 4.12%, was observed in the inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente2
- Outcome
- nitrogen content in leafe1
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 4.12%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The greatest values”
e1“nitrogen content in leaf (4.12%)”
e2“inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend inoculating common bean seeds with Rhizobium phaseoli to reach yield potential and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation with Rhizobium phaseolie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the common bean inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli is suitable to achieve the yield potential and reduce the adverse effects of environmental and may be recommended”
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