Abstract
The present field study was conducted to study the effect of long-term poor quality irrigation water and crop residue incorporation on phosphorus (P) content in grain and straw in a rice-wheat cropping system. The long-term experiment had 16 treatment combinations involving four irrigation water qualities: canal water irrigation (SW1), sodic water (SW2), sodic water plus gypsum (SW3) and saline water (SW4) and four crop residue treatments: 6 t wheat straw ha-1 to rice (T1), 6 t rice straw ha-1 to wheat (T2), rice straw to wheat and wheat straw to rice at 6 t ha-1 each (T3) and the unamended control (T4). Irrigation water and crop residue treatments significantly influenced P concentration of grain and straw of wheat as well as rice. Mean value of P content was observed to be the highest under good quality water treatment (SW1) and the least under saline water treatment. Mean P content in wheat grain and straw were in the order of T3 > T2 > T1 >T4. Maximum Cl- and HCO3- contents were observed in saline water treatment that had not received any crop residue amendment (SW4T4) whereas the lowest values of these ions were found in soil treated with good quality water and both rice and wheat straw amendment (SW1T3) in subsequent seasons. The study showed that adverse effect of poor quality irrigation waters on plant uptake of major nutrients can be managed by incorporating crop residues.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water and residues significantly influenced phosphorus in wheat and rice grain and straw.
- Taxon
- wheat as well as ricee0
- Treatment
- Irrigation water and crop residue treatmentse0
- Outcome
- P concentration of grain and strawe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation water and crop residue treatments significantly influenced P concentration of grain and straw of wheat as well as rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Good quality water had the highest mean plant phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- rice and wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- good quality water treatment (SW1)e0
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- saline water treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean value of P content was observed to be the highest under good quality water treatment (SW1) and the least under saline water treatment.”
t0“rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation gave the lowest mean plant phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saline water treatmente0
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Comparator
- good quality water treatment (SW1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean value of P content was observed to be the highest under good quality water treatment (SW1) and the least under saline water treatment.”
t0“rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain and straw phosphorus ranked T3 above T2 above T1 above T4.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- P content in wheat grain and strawe0
- Direction
- T3 > T2 > T1 >T4e0
- Comparator
- T2 > T1 >T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean P content in wheat grain and straw were in the order of T3 > T2 > T1 >T4.”
Claim · model-written summary
The unamended saline water treatment had maximum soil chloride and bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saline water treatment that had not received any crop residue amendment (SW4T4)e0
- Outcome
- Cl- and HCO3- contentse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum Cl- and HCO3- contents were observed in saline water treatment that had not received any crop residue amendment (SW4T4)”
t0“rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Good quality water with both straw amendments gave the lowest soil chloride and bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- good quality water and both rice and wheat straw amendment (SW1T3)e0
- Outcome
- values of these ionse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest values of these ions were found in soil treated with good quality water and both rice and wheat straw amendment (SW1T3)”
t0“rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded crop residues can manage adverse nutrient uptake effects from poor quality irrigation.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- incorporating crop residuese0
- Outcome
- plant uptake of major nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adverse effect of poor quality irrigation waters on plant uptake of major nutrients can be managed by incorporating crop residues”
t0“rice and wheat”
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