Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the cumulative effect of mineral fertilizers and sewage sludge on nutrient status of kale (Brassica oleracea L. cv. ‘GM Dari’) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. ‘Shalimar Green’). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with nine treatments including: no fertilizer or sewage sludge as a control (T1), 25% Sewage Sludge + 0% Recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) (T2), 50% Sewage Sludge + 0% RFD (T3), 75% Sewage Sludge + 0% RFD (T4), 100% Sewage Sludge + 0% RFD (T5), 25% Sewage Sludge + 75% RFD (T6), 50% Sewage Sludge + 50% RFD (T7), 75% Sewage Sludge + 25% RFD (T8), and 0% Sewage Sludge + 100% RFD (T9). The recommended fertilizer doses are made to apply fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of the crop and to build up the nutrient level in the soil to a critical soil test level over a planned time frame usually recommended by agronomists. The results of the study showed that the concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest. However, the total nitrogen content in spinach and lead concentration in kale remained significantly higher under the treatment of 50% sludge + 50% NPK. The study lead to an important conclusion that the treatment of soil with 75% sewage sludge + 25% NPK can improve the nutrient accumulation in these plants thereby enhancing yield production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Kale macronutrient concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale micronutrient concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale heavy metal concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach macronutrient concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach micronutrient concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach heavy metal concentrations were significantly highest under 75% sludge + 25% NPK and lowest in controls.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 75% sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of all macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in both kale and spinach were significantly highest in the plots treated with 75% sludge + 25% NPK, whereas, the values of these elements in control treatments were recorded to be the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen content in spinach was significantly higher under 50% sludge + 50% NPK.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 50% sludge + 50% NPKe0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total nitrogen content in spinach and lead concentration in kale remained significantly higher under the treatment of 50% sludge + 50% NPK”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead concentration in kale was significantly higher under 50% sludge + 50% NPK.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 50% sludge + 50% NPKe0
- Outcome
- lead concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lead concentration in kale remained significantly higher under the treatment of 50% sludge + 50% NPK”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 75% sewage sludge + 25% NPK can improve plant nutrient accumulation and yield production.
- Taxon
- kale and spinachSpinacia oleraceaBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- 75% sewage sludge + 25% NPKe0
- Outcome
- improve the nutrient accumulation in these plants thereby enhancing yield productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of soil with 75% sewage sludge + 25% NPK can improve the nutrient accumulation in these plants thereby enhancing yield production”
t0“kale and spinach”
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See all 146 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.