Abstract
Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter to acquire competency to flower and grow in the following spring. Climate change or adverse meteorological conditions can impair release of dormancy and delay bud break, hence jeopardizing fruit production and causing substantial economic losses. In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling bud dormancy in apple we focused our work on the MADS-box transcription factor gene MdDAM1. We show that MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of dormancy and bud break in spring. MdDAM1 transcript levels are drastically reduced in the low-chill varieties ‘Anna’ and ‘Dorsett Golden’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’ corroborating its role as a key genetic factor controlling the release of bud dormancy in Malus species. The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis. These trees lost their capacity to enter in dormancy and produced leaves and shoots regardless of the season. A transcriptome study revealed that apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees at the onset of the bud break with the significant gene repression of the related MADS-box gene MdDAM4 as a major feature. We provide the first functional evidence that MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees and demonstrate that their silencing results in a defect of growth cessation in autumn. Our findings will help producing low-chill apple variants from the elite commercial cultivars that will withstand climate change.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of bud dormancy and bud break in spring in apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- MdDAM1 silencinge1
- Gene
- MdDAM1e1
- Outcome
- release of dormancy and bud breake1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e1“We show that MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of dormancy and bud break in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
MdDAM1 transcript levels are reduced in low-chill apple varieties compared with Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- low-chill varietiese2
- Gene
- MdDAM1e2
- Outcome
- MdDAM1 transcript levelse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- Golden Deliciouse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e2“MdDAM1 transcript levels are drastically reduced in the low-chill varieties ‘Anna’ and ‘Dorsett Golden’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA silencing of MdDAM1 produced apple trees unable to cease growth in winter.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- RNA silencinge3
- Gene
- MdDAM1e3
- Outcome
- cease growth in wintere3
- Qualifier
- several years after transgenesise3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e3“The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA silencing of MdDAM1 produced an evergrowing, or evergreen, apple tree phenotype.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- RNA silencinge3
- Gene
- MdDAM1e3
- Outcome
- evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotypee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e3“The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of Golden Delicious trees at the onset of bud break.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- evergrowing linese4
- Outcome
- genocopye4
- Comparator
- Golden Deliciouse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e4“apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees at the onset of the bud break”
Claim · model-written summary
MdDAM4 gene expression is significantly repressed in apple evergrowing lines.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- MdDAM4e5
- Outcome
- MADS-box gene MdDAM4e5
- Direction
- repressione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e5“significant gene repression of the related MADS-box gene MdDAM4”
Claim · model-written summary
MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter”
e6“MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.