Abstract
Apple exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which self-S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth, leading to failure of fertilization. To date, there have been few studies on how to resist the toxicity of self-S-RNase. In this study, pollen tube polyamines were found to respond to self-S-RNase and help pollen tubes defend against self-S-RNase. In particular, the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase. Further analysis of gene expression of key enzymes in the synthesis and degradation pathways of polyamines found that the expression of DIAMINE OXIDASE 4 (MdDAO4) as well as several polyamine oxidases such as POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3 (MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment, resulting in the reduction of polyamines. Silencing MdPAO6 in pollen tubes alleviates the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. In addition, exogenous polyamines also enhance pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNase. Transcriptome sequencing data found that polyamines may communicate with S-RNase through the calcium signal pathway, thereby regulating the growth of the pollen tubes. To summarize, our results suggested that polyamines responded to the self-incompatibility reaction and could enhance pollen tube tolerance to S-RNase, thus providing a potential way to break self-incompatibility in apple.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Self-S-RNase-treated pollen tubes had substantially less putrescine than non-self-S-RNase-treated tubes.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- pollen tubee0
- Treatment
- self-S-RNasee0
- Outcome
- contents of putrescinee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-self-S-RNasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-S-RNase-treated pollen tubes had substantially less spermidine.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen tubee0
- Treatment
- self-S-RNasee0
- Outcome
- spermidinee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-self-S-RNasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-S-RNase-treated pollen tubes had substantially less spermine.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen tubee0
- Treatment
- self-S-RNasee0
- Outcome
- sperminee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-self-S-RNasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-S-RNase significantly up-regulated MdDAO4 expression.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- self-S-RNase treatmente0
- Gene
- MdDAO4e0
- Outcome
- expression of DIAMINE OXIDASE 4 (MdDAO4)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of DIAMINE OXIDASE 4 (MdDAO4) as well as several polyamine oxidases such as POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3 (MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-S-RNase significantly up-regulated MdPAO3, MdPAO4 and MdPAO6 expression.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- self-S-RNase treatmente0
- Outcome
- MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3 (MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing MdPAO6 alleviated self-S-RNase inhibition of pollen-tube growth.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Silencing MdPAO6e0
- Gene
- MdPAO6e0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing MdPAO6 in pollen tubes alleviates the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines enhanced pollen-tube resistance to self-S-RNase.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- exogenous polyaminese0
- Outcome
- pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNasee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous polyamines also enhance pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNase.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome data suggested polyamines communicate with S-RNase through calcium signaling to regulate pollen-tube growth.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- growth of the pollen tubese0
- Qualifier
- through the calcium signal pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polyamines may communicate with S-RNase through the calcium signal pathway, thereby regulating the growth of the pollen tubes.”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.