Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds, including glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes in Ontario, Canada. A total of six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2018 and 2019) to determine the control of GR Canada fleabane ( Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) with currently available herbicides for winter wheat in Ontario. Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated. Among herbicides evaluated, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil (preformulated), 2,4-D ester, halauxifen, fluroxypyr/halauxifen (preformulated) + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA, and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA controlled GR Canada fleabane 94–100% at 8 weeks after application (WAA) and reduced density 95–100% and biomass 97–100%. Reduced GR Canada fleabane interference with pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA increased winter wheat yield 27% compared to the weedy control. GR Canada fleabane interference had no adverse effect on winter wheat yield with all other treatments. Based on these results, herbicide treatments that include 2,4-D, pyrasulfotole, or halauxifen can adequately control GR Canada fleabane in winter wheat.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
None of the evaluated herbicides injured winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- herbicides evaluatede0
- Outcome
- Winter wheat was not injurede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight herbicide treatments controlled GR Canada fleabane by 94–100% at 8 WAA.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- herbicides evaluatede0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- controlled GR Canada fleabanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 94–100%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 weeks after application (WAA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among herbicides evaluated, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil (preformulated), 2,4-D ester, halauxifen, fluroxypyr/halauxifen (preformulated) + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA, and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA controlled GR Canada fleabane 94–100% at 8 weeks after application (WAA)”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluated herbicides reduced GR Canada fleabane density by 95–100%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- herbicides evaluatede0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among herbicides evaluated, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil (preformulated), 2,4-D ester, halauxifen, fluroxypyr/halauxifen (preformulated) + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA, and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA controlled GR Canada fleabane 94–100% at 8 weeks after application (WAA) and reduced density 95–100%”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluated herbicides reduced GR Canada fleabane biomass by 97–100%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- herbicides evaluatede0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 97–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among herbicides evaluated, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil (preformulated), 2,4-D ester, halauxifen, fluroxypyr/halauxifen (preformulated) + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone (preformulated), pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA, and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA controlled GR Canada fleabane 94–100% at 8 weeks after application (WAA) and reduced density 95–100% and biomass 97–100%.”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone plus MCPA increased wheat yield by 27% versus the weedy control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPAe0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced GR Canada fleabane interference with pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA increased winter wheat yield 27% compared to the weedy control.”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Canada fleabane interference did not adversely affect wheat yield under other treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- all other treatmentse0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde0
- Direction
- no adverse effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GR Canada fleabane interference had no adverse effect on winter wheat yield with all other treatments.”
e1“Winter wheat was not injured with any of the herbicides evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude herbicides containing 2,4-D, pyrasulfotole, or halauxifen can control GR Canada fleabane in wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- GR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- herbicide treatments that include 2,4-D, pyrasulfotole, or halauxifen can adequately control GR Canada fleabanee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on these results, herbicide treatments that include 2,4-D, pyrasulfotole, or halauxifen can adequately control GR Canada fleabane in winter wheat.”
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