Abstract
Water conservation technologies like furrow irrigated raised bed planting are the need of day to improve water productivity and to get more crop production from the available limited water supplies. The present study was conducted at the experimental area of Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, to perform irrigation scheduling and investigate optimum number of irrigations for wheat under flat sowing and raised bed planting in a semi-arid climate of Faisalabad. Soil type of the area was sandy loam with bulk density of 1.55 g/cm 3 . The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with five replicates and three treatments viz. T1: Flat sowing with irrigation at 50% MAD, T2 : Bed planting with irrigation at 50% MAD, and T 3: Bed planting with irrigation on the same day as in T1 . Regular check of soil moisture status was performed and irrigations were applied in first two treatments at about 50% depletion of available water. The irrigations in T3, however, were applied on the same day as in T1, even if the soil moisture content went far below 50% of available water, to check the impact of water stress on crop, if any, under raised bed technology. In this way, four irrigations were applied to T1and T 3 on same dates, whereas five irrigations were applied in T 2 throughout the season. The impacts of increasing number of irrigations in wheat bed planting were evaluated statistically to check the changes in yield and irrigation water productivity. Grain yields under two bed planting treatments were found significantly higher as compared to T1, but at par with each other, while the water saving in comparison to flat sowing decreased from 47.43% in T3to 35.74% in T2 due to an extra irrigation in T 2. Highest irrigation water productivity (1.32 kg/m 3 ) was achieved in T3 , followed by 1.12 kg/m 3 in T2and 0.54 kg/m 3 in T1 . It was concluded that application of an extra irrigation in bed planting resulted in non-significant increase in yield in comparison to bed planting with normal four irrigations, but in a highly significant decrease in irrigation water productivity, indicating that there is no need to apply extra number of irrigations in bed planted wheat in comparison to conventional method
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yields under the two bed planting treatments were significantly higher than under flat sowing (T1).
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- two bed planting treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields under two bed planting treatments were found significantly higher as compared to T1”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields of the two bed planting treatments were at par with each other.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two bed planting treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- at pare1
- Comparator
- each othere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields under two bed planting treatments”
e1“but at par with each other”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Water saving in comparison to flat sowing in T3 was 47.43%.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water saving in comparison to flat sowing decreased from 47.43% in T3to 35.74% in T2”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Water saving in comparison to flat sowing decreased to 35.74% in T2 due to an extra irrigation.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- water savinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 35.74%e0
- Comparator
- flat sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water saving in comparison to flat sowing decreased from 47.43% in T3to 35.74% in T2”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest irrigation water productivity, 1.32 kg/m3, was achieved in T3.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivitye0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1.32 kg/m 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest irrigation water productivity (1.32 kg/m 3 ) was achieved in T3 , followed by 1.12 kg/m 3 in T2and 0.54 kg/m 3 in T1”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water productivity in T2 was 1.12 kg/m3, lower than T3.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivitye0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 1.12 kg/m 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest irrigation water productivity (1.32 kg/m 3 ) was achieved in T3 , followed by 1.12 kg/m 3 in T2and 0.54 kg/m 3 in T1”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water productivity in T1 (flat sowing) was 0.54 kg/m3, lower than T3 and T2.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivitye0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 0.54 kg/m 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest irrigation water productivity (1.32 kg/m 3 ) was achieved in T3 , followed by 1.12 kg/m 3 in T2and 0.54 kg/m 3 in T1”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
An extra irrigation in bed planting gave a non-significant increase in yield compared with bed planting with the normal four irrigations.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- an extra irrigation in bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- non-significant increasee0
- Comparator
- bed planting with normal four irrigationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of an extra irrigation in bed planting resulted in non-significant increase in yield in comparison to bed planting with normal four irrigations”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The extra irrigation caused a highly significant decrease in irrigation water productivity compared with bed planting with the normal four irrigations.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- an extra irrigation in bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- bed planting with normal four irrigationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of an extra irrigation in bed planting resulted in non-significant increase in yield in comparison to bed planting with normal four irrigations”
e1“highly significant decrease in irrigation water productivity”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude there is no need to apply extra irrigations in bed planted wheat compared with the conventional method.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- no need to apply extra number of irrigationse0
- Comparator
- conventional methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no need to apply extra number of irrigations in bed planted wheat in comparison to conventional method”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 97 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 253 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
299 papers more in this group
See all 303 papers →irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
190 papers in the same direction as this paper · 798 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
985 papers more in this group
See all 989 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.