Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are known to improve grain yield and N-use efficiency (NUE) without intensive labor input in crop production. Here, we report field experiments conducted to investigate the effects of different CRFs [polymer coated complex fertilizer (PCCF), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and sulfur-coated urea (SCU)] on leaf characteristics, biomass, N uptake, grain yield, and NUE of machine-transplanted rice in Sichuan, China, from 2016 to 2017. Grain yield, N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE), and N partial factor productivity (PFP) were positively correlated with improved leaf characteristics, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake. Total leaf area, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves, maximum accumulation rate of dry matter, and N accumulation, as well as panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle were increased by CRFs, thereby increasing both grain yield and NUE. Furthermore, compared to PCCF and SCU, PCU promoted relatively higher leaf photosynthetic potential of the top three leaves, which is closely related to increased biomass and N uptake. These effects ultimately improved grain yield, NRE, NAE, and PFP under the PCU treatment. Thus, PCU is effective in enhancing grain yield and NUE in machine-transplanted rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and nitrogen use metrics correlated positively with leaf traits, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Grain yield, N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE), and N partial factor productivity (PFP)e0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE), and N partial factor productivity (PFP) were positively correlated with improved leaf characteristics, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizers increased leaf area, chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRFse0
- Outcome
- Total leaf area, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total leaf area, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves, maximum accumulation rate of dry matter, and N accumulation, as well as panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle were increased by CRFs, thereby increasing both grain yield and NUE.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizers increased dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRFse0
- Outcome
- maximum accumulation rate of dry matter, and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum accumulation rate of dry matter, and N accumulation, as well as panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle were increased by CRFs”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizers increased panicles per area and spikelets per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRFse0
- Outcome
- panicles per m2 and spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle were increased by CRFs”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizers increased grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRFse0
- Outcome
- grain yield and NUEe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle were increased by CRFs, thereby increasing both grain yield and NUE.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCU produced higher top-three-leaf photosynthetic potential than PCCF and SCU.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCUe0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic potentiale0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PCCF and SCUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to PCCF and SCU, PCU promoted relatively higher leaf photosynthetic potential of the top three leaves”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf photosynthetic potential under PCU was closely related to increased biomass and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCUe0
- Outcome
- biomass and N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCU promoted relatively higher leaf photosynthetic potential of the top three leaves, which is closely related to increased biomass and N uptake.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCU improved grain yield, NRE, NAE and PFP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCUe0
- Outcome
- grain yield, NRE, NAE, and PFPe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects ultimately improved grain yield, NRE, NAE, and PFP under the PCU treatment.”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
79 papers more in this group
See all 83 papers →nitrogen · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
93 papers more in this group
See all 97 papers →fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
216 papers more in this group
See all 220 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
216 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
258 papers more in this group
See all 262 papers →fertilization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
669 papers in the same direction as this paper · 81 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
755 papers more in this group
See all 759 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.