Abstract
The present study shows that Chickpea plants under water stress, unstressed plants treated with exogenous EBL and SA exhibited the significant increase in phsio-biochemical changes over the normal control plants. Co-application of EBL and SA enhanced the plant height in drought stressed plants significantly by 23.76% (0.0345 p≤0.05) in comparison with stress control than their individual application. Application of EBL and SA to drought stressed plants improved the root length by 11.52% and 15.15% respectively in comparison with stress control. Exogenous application of EBL and SA reversed the drought stress effect on dry mass accumulation. EBL and SA more significantly improved the RWC content (by 57%; 0.0197 p≤0.05) than their individual applications compared to stress control. No significant effect of EBL and/or SA was observed on H2O2 level in chickpea plants in comparison with untreated control. There was no effect on membrane upon exogenous application of EBL and/or SA to untreated plants. About 53.25% (0.0321 p≤0.05) improvement in soluble protein content was recorded for unstressed plants treated with EBL plus SA when compared with control, indicating the enhanced effect of combined application. Combined EBL+SA alone application was found to be more effectively increased the free proline levels than their individual treatments (58.4%; 0.028 p≤0.05 vs 26.76%; 0.0462 p≤0.05 and 17.52%; 0.0561 p≤0.05 respectively) over the proline levels of unstressed control plants. EBL and SA alone treatments also increased the glycine betaine content considerably in chickpea plants but their combined impact was more on glycine betaine accumulation (23% by EBL, 14.46% by SA and 27.48% by EBL+SA respectively) in comparison with untreated control. Effect of EBL and/or SA on SOD, CAT, POD, APX and GR enzyme activities of chickpea plants under drought stress at reproductive stage and stress free conditions were significantly increased. Co-application of EBL and SA alone exhibited the significant enhancement of AsA levels (39.2%; 0.098 p≤0.05) than their respective individual treatments compared to the control plants. Combined application of EBL+SA alone accounted for the marked increase in the GSH levels (14.4%) compared to the control plants.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased drought-stressed plant height by 23.76% relative to stress control.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Co-application of EBL and SAe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 23.76%e0
- Comparator
- stress controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of EBL and SA enhanced the plant height in drought stressed plants significantly by 23.76% (0.0345 p≤0.05) in comparison with stress control than their individual application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL increased drought-stressed root length by 11.52% versus stress control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBLe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 11.52%e0
- Comparator
- stress controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of EBL and SA to drought stressed plants improved the root length by 11.52% and 15.15% respectively in comparison with stress control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased drought-stressed root length by 15.15% versus stress control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 15.15%e0
- Comparator
- stress controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of EBL and SA to drought stressed plants improved the root length by 11.52% and 15.15% respectively in comparison with stress control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and SA reversed the drought effect on dry mass accumulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL and SAe0
- Outcome
- dry mass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of EBL and SA reversed the drought stress effect on dry mass accumulation”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and SA improved relative water content by 57% versus stress control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL and SAe0
- Outcome
- RWC contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Comparator
- stress controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL and SA more significantly improved the RWC content (by 57%; 0.0197 p≤0.05) than their individual applications compared to stress control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and/or SA had no significant effect on chickpea H2O2 level.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 levele0
- Direction
- No significant effecte0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant effect of EBL and/or SA was observed on H2O2 level in chickpea plants in comparison with untreated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and/or SA had no effect on membranes in unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- membranee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no effect on membrane upon exogenous application of EBL and/or SA to untreated plants”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased soluble protein by 53.25% in unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL plus SAe0
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 53.25%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 53.25% (0.0321 p≤0.05) improvement in soluble protein content was recorded for unstressed plants treated with EBL plus SA when compared with control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased free proline by 58.4% over unstressed control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL+SAe0
- Outcome
- free proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 58.4%e0
- Comparator
- unstressed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined EBL+SA alone application was found to be more effectively increased the free proline levels than their individual treatments (58.4%; 0.028 p≤0.05 vs 26.76%; 0.0462 p≤0.05 and 17.52%; 0.0561 p≤0.05 respectively) over the proline levels of unstressed control plants”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL increased free proline by 26.76% over unstressed control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBLe0
- Outcome
- free proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.76%e0
- Comparator
- unstressed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined EBL+SA alone application was found to be more effectively increased the free proline levels than their individual treatments (58.4%; 0.028 p≤0.05 vs 26.76%; 0.0462 p≤0.05 and 17.52%; 0.0561 p≤0.05 respectively) over the proline levels of unstressed control plants”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased free proline by 17.52% over unstressed control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- free proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.52%e0
- Comparator
- unstressed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined EBL+SA alone application was found to be more effectively increased the free proline levels than their individual treatments (58.4%; 0.028 p≤0.05 vs 26.76%; 0.0462 p≤0.05 and 17.52%; 0.0561 p≤0.05 respectively) over the proline levels of unstressed control plants”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL increased glycine betaine content by 23%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBLe0
- Outcome
- glycine betaine contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL and SA alone treatments also increased the glycine betaine content considerably in chickpea plants but their combined impact was more on glycine betaine accumulation (23% by EBL, 14.46% by SA and 27.48% by EBL+SA respectively) in comparison with untreated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased glycine betaine content by 14.46%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- glycine betaine contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.46%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL and SA alone treatments also increased the glycine betaine content considerably in chickpea plants but their combined impact was more on glycine betaine accumulation (23% by EBL, 14.46% by SA and 27.48% by EBL+SA respectively) in comparison with untreated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased glycine betaine accumulation by 27.48%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL+SAe0
- Outcome
- glycine betaine accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.48%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL and SA alone treatments also increased the glycine betaine content considerably in chickpea plants but their combined impact was more on glycine betaine accumulation (23% by EBL, 14.46% by SA and 27.48% by EBL+SA respectively) in comparison with untreated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and/or SA significantly increased SOD, CAT and POD enzyme activities under drought and stress-free conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee0
- Treatment
- EBL and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT, PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effect of EBL and/or SA on SOD, CAT, POD, APX and GR enzyme activities of chickpea plants under drought stress at reproductive stage and stress free conditions were significantly increased”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL and/or SA significantly increased APX and GR enzyme activities under drought and stress-free conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee0
- Treatment
- EBL and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- APX and GR enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effect of EBL and/or SA on SOD, CAT, POD, APX and GR enzyme activities of chickpea plants under drought stress at reproductive stage and stress free conditions were significantly increased”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased AsA by 39.2%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-application of EBL and SAe0
- Outcome
- AsA levelse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 39.2%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of EBL and SA alone exhibited the significant enhancement of AsA levels (39.2%; 0.098 p≤0.05) than their respective individual treatments compared to the control plants”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EBL and SA increased GSH levels by 14.4%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- EBL+SAe0
- Outcome
- GSH levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of EBL+SA alone accounted for the marked increase in the GSH levels (14.4%) compared to the control plants”
t0“chickpea”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
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1 in the opposite direction
- negative
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: osmolytes · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · molecular: metabolites · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: water · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.