Abstract
Stalk and ear rot is one of the most common fungal disease of maize. Significant crop failure and yield loss, arising from the disease, are reported annually. Maize grains infected with the pathogen pose serious threat to human and animal health, owing to mycotoxins contamination. The present study evaluated aqueous extracts from Allium sativum in the management of the disease. Four concentrations of the extracts were evaluated against the pathogen in vitro. The most promising concentrations, were applied as seed dressing agents in vivo at 5, 10 and 15-minutes duration for each concentration. Garlic extracts-dressed seeds were then transferred to F. verticilliodes infested medium and allowed to germinate and grow for 9 days. Seedlings were transplanted into sterile soils in plastic buckets thereafter. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and mean separation. The results obtained showed that peak inhibition of mycelial growth was achieved by 80% garlic extract concentration (76.29% at three days after inoculation). The in vivo study showed that the concentration of garlic extracts as well as the duration of treatment had significant effect on seed germination. Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%, but recorded the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting. It also had the best yield, fresh weight of cobs, 303.86 g, and the least percentage of kernel infection with F. verticillioides, 15.00%. Garlic extract has potential, as a bio-fungicide, in the management of stalk and ear rot disease of maize.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The 80% garlic extract concentration gave peak inhibition of Fusarium verticillioides mycelial growth, 76.29% at three days after inoculation.
- Treatment
- 80% garlic extract concentratione1
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidest0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- peak inhibitione1
- Value
- 76.29%e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e1“The results obtained showed that peak inhibition of mycelial growth was achieved by 80% garlic extract concentration (76.29% at three days after inoculation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract concentration and treatment duration had a significant effect on maize seed germination in the in vivo study.
- Treatment
- concentration of garlic extracts as well as the duration of treatmente2
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e2“The in vivo study showed that the concentration of garlic extracts as well as the duration of treatment had significant effect on seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e3“Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%, but recorded the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting.
- Treatment
- 80% aqueous garlic extracte3
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye3
- Direction
- leaste3
- Qualifier
- 2 weeks after transplantinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e3“Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%, but recorded the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract gave the best fresh cob weight, 303.86 g.
- Treatment
- 80% aqueous garlic extracte3
- Outcome
- fresh weight of cobse4
- Direction
- best yielde4
- Value
- 303.86 ge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e3“Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%, but recorded the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting”
e4“It also had the best yield, fresh weight of cobs, 303.86 g, and the least percentage of kernel infection with F. verticillioides, 15.00%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least kernel infection with F. verticillioides, 15.00%.
- Treatment
- 80% aqueous garlic extracte3
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese4pathogen
- Outcome
- kernel infectione4
- Direction
- leaste4
- Value
- 15.00%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance of Maize Plant to Stalk and Ear Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium verticillioides”
e3“Maize seeds dressed with 80% aqueous garlic extract had the least percentage germination, 43.33%, but recorded the least disease incidence and severity at 2 weeks after transplanting”
e4“It also had the best yield, fresh weight of cobs, 303.86 g, and the least percentage of kernel infection with F. verticillioides, 15.00%”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract has potential as a bio-fungicide for managing maize stalk and ear rot.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Garlic extract has potential, as a bio-fungicide, in the management of stalk and ear rot disease of maize”
The same questions in other papers
Allium sativum · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Allium sativum · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 14 papers →botanical · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 140 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
336 papers more in this group
See all 340 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.