Abstract
Soil salinity is the main obstacle to worldwide sustainable productivity and food security. Zinc sulfate (Zn) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a cost-effective agent, has multiple biochemical functions in plant productivity. Meanwhile, their synergistic effects on inducing salt tolerance are indecisive and not often reported. A pot experiment was done for evaluating the defensive function of Zn (100 mg/L) or PBZ (200 mg/L) on salt (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl) affected pea plant growth, photosynthetic pigment, ions, antioxidant capacity, and yield. Salinity stress significantly reduces all growth and yield attributes of pea plants relative to nonsalinized treatment. This reduction was accompanied by a decline in chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR). Alternatively, salinity increased Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO), ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) over nonsalinized treatment. Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants. Application of Zn and PBZ counteracted the harmful effects of salinity on pea plants, by upregulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and improving chlorophyll biosynthesis that induced plant growth and yield components. In conclusion, Zn plus PBZ application at 30 and 45 days from sowing offset the injuries of salinity on pea plant growth and yield by upregulating the antioxidant capacity and increasing photosynthetic pigments.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pea growth and yield traits relative to nonsalinized plants.
- Taxon
- pea plants
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- nonsalinized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress significantly reduces all growth and yield attributes of pea plants relative to nonsalinized treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphoruse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction was accompanied by a decline in chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR).”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased potassium and the potassium to sodium ratio.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+)e0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR).”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR).”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium, carotenoid and proline.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsalinized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO), ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) over nonsalinized treatment.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased ascorbic acid and three antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsalinized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO), ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) over nonsalinized treatment.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol increased pea growth and yield quality under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol increased the potassium to sodium ratio, carotenoid and proline.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PROe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol increased ascorbic acid, glutathione and ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- AsA, GSH, APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol increased glutathione reductase, yield and quality.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- GR, and yield and its qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc and paclobutrazol decreased sodium.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants.”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc and paclobutrazol counteracted salinity injury through antioxidant, ion and chlorophyll responses.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Application of Zn and PBZe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield componentse0
- Qualifier
- upregulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and improving chlorophyll biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Zn and PBZ counteracted the harmful effects of salinity on pea plants, by upregulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and improving chlorophyll biosynthesis that induced plant growth and yield components.”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
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See all 66 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.