Abstract
The present investigation on “Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, flowering and flower yield of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Gladiator” was conducted at Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during Rabi season in the year of 2016 -17. Different treatments were significantly affected on the growth, flowering and flower yield parameters. It is evident that significantly maximum plant height (98.50 cm), plant spread (64.86 cm), number of branches per plant (7.20) and stem diameter (1.18 cm) at peak flowering stage were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant. Similarly, significantly the minimum average days to first flower (37.95), maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant. As per economics point of view, treatment consisting Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant was found maximum gross realization (Rs. 8.64 lac ha-1) and net return (Rs. 5.39 lac ha-1) but the highest cost benefit ratio was obtained under the treatment consisting Farm yard manure @ 4 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant (1:2.70). Overall it can be concluded that Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant was found superior for growth, flowering and yield of rose.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum plant height of 98.50 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.
Rosa hybrid cultivart0 - Organ / stage
- peak flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 98.50 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly maximum plant height (98.50 cm), plant spread (64.86 cm), number of branches per plant (7.20) and stem diameter (1.18 cm) at peak flowering stage were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum plant spread of 64.86 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Organ / stage
- peak flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant spreade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 64.86 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly maximum plant height (98.50 cm), plant spread (64.86 cm), number of branches per plant (7.20) and stem diameter (1.18 cm) at peak flowering stage were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum branches per plant of 7.20.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Organ / stage
- peak flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.20e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly maximum plant height (98.50 cm), plant spread (64.86 cm), number of branches per plant (7.20) and stem diameter (1.18 cm) at peak flowering stage were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum stem diameter of 1.18 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Organ / stage
- peak flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.18 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly maximum plant height (98.50 cm), plant spread (64.86 cm), number of branches per plant (7.20) and stem diameter (1.18 cm) at peak flowering stage were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave minimum days to first flower of 37.95.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- average days to first flowere0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 37.95e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly the minimum average days to first flower (37.95), maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flowering span of 118.18 days.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- average days to flowering spane0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 118.18e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flower diameter of 7.58 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- diameter of flowere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.58 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum petals per flower of 72.55.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of petals per flowere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 72.55e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum stalk length of 30.03 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stalk lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30.03 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum stalk diameter of 0.30 cm.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stalk diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.30 cme0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flowers per plant of 64.83.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 64.83e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flowers per plot of 324.15.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plote0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 324.15e0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flowers per hectare of 4.32 lac.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of flower per hectaree0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.32 lace0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flower yield per plot of 5.82 kg.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- flower yield per plote0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.82 kge0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum flower yield per hectare of 7753.66 kg.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida L.Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- flower yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7753.66 kge0
- Qualifier
- KSBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum average days to flowering span (118.18), diameter of flower (7.58 cm), number of petals per flower (72.55), stalk length (30.03 cm), stalk diameter (0.30 cm), number of flowers per plant (64.83), number of flowers per plot (324.15), number of flower per hectare (4.32 lac), flower yield per plot (5.82 kg) and flower yield per hectare (7753.66 kg) were recorded with Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant.”
t0“Rosa hybrida L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum gross realization of Rs. 8.64 lac ha-1.
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Outcome
- gross realizatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 8.64 lac ha-1e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“treatment consisting Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant was found maximum gross realization (Rs. 8.64 lac ha-1) and net return (Rs. 5.39 lac ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake with biofertilizers gave maximum net return of Rs. 5.39 lac ha-1.
- Treatment
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 5.39 lac ha-1e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“treatment consisting Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant was found maximum gross realization (Rs. 8.64 lac ha-1) and net return (Rs. 5.39 lac ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farm yard manure with biofertilizers gave the highest cost benefit ratio, 1:2.70.
- Treatment
- Farm yard manure @ 4 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1:2.70e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the highest cost benefit ratio was obtained under the treatment consisting Farm yard manure @ 4 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant (1:2.70).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that castor cake with biofertilizers is superior for rose growth, flowering and yield.
- Taxon
- rosee0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plante0
- Qualifier
- superior for growth, flowering and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall it can be concluded that Castor cake @ 0.8 kg + Azotobacter @ 1 ml + PSM @ 1 ml + KSB @ 1 ml / plant was found superior for growth, flowering and yield of rose.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.