Abstract
Abstract Application of glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine]‐containing herbicides and tillage, alone or in combination, has been the standard for removing declining alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) stands. With glyphosate no longer an option to control glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa, different termination strategies are needed. Field studies across four site‐years in Utah evaluated the effect of tillage type and timing (fall conventional till, spring conventional till, fall strip‐till, spring strip‐till, and no‐till) and herbicide timing (fall, spring, in‐crop, and no herbicide) of 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) on penetration resistance, alfalfa regrowth, corn ( Zea mays L.) emergence rate, and silage corn yield. Across tillage treatments, fall, spring, and in‐crop herbicide timings compared with no herbicide reduced alfalfa stem count and biomass by at least 74 and 92%, respectively. Emergence rate was greatest under fall and spring conventional till or spring strip‐till compared with fall strip‐till or no‐till. Silage corn yield was greatest and similar with fall or spring herbicide applications for all tillage systems and conventional tillage with an in‐crop herbicide application (19–27 Mg ha −1 ), followed by in‐crop herbicide application for conservation tillage systems and fall and spring conventional till without herbicide application (14–20 Mg ha −1 ), and lastly when only conservation tillage was used to terminate alfalfa (5–15 Mg ha −1 ). Silage corn yield can be optimized when glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa is terminated with herbicides prior to planting, regardless of tillage type or timing. Termination of glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa by herbicides after corn emergence, depending on tillage, reduces silage corn yield 9–19%.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fall, spring, and in crop herbicides reduced alfalfa stem counts by at least 74% versus no herbicide.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- fall, spring, and in‐crop herbicide timingse0
- Outcome
- alfalfa stem counte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 74e0
- Qualifier
- at leaste0
- Comparator
- no herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fall, spring, and in‐crop herbicide timings compared with no herbicide reduced alfalfa stem count and biomass by at least 74 and 92%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide timings reduced alfalfa biomass by at least 92%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- fall, spring, and in‐crop herbicide timingse0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Comparator
- no herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fall, spring, and in‐crop herbicide timings compared with no herbicide reduced alfalfa stem count and biomass by at least 74 and 92%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn emergence was greatest with fall or spring conventional tillage or spring strip tillage.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- fall and spring conventional till or spring strip‐tille0
- Outcome
- Emergence ratee0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- fall strip‐till or no‐tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence rate was greatest under fall and spring conventional till or spring strip‐till compared with fall strip‐till or no‐till”
t0“corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall or spring herbicide applications produced the greatest silage corn yield, 19–27 Mg ha −1, across tillage systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fall or spring herbicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- Silage corn yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 19–27 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silage corn yield was greatest and similar with fall or spring herbicide applications for all tillage systems and conventional tillage with an in‐crop herbicide application (19–27 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage with an in crop herbicide yielded among the highest silage corn yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage with an in‐crop herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- Silage corn yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 19–27 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silage corn yield was greatest and similar with fall or spring herbicide applications for all tillage systems and conventional tillage with an in‐crop herbicide application (19–27 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
In crop herbicide with conservation tillage yielded 14–20 Mg ha −1 in the next ranked group.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- in‐crop herbicide application for conservation tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- corn yieldt0
- Value
- 14–20 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by in‐crop herbicide application for conservation tillage systems and fall and spring conventional till without herbicide application (14–20 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall or spring conventional tillage without herbicide yielded 14–20 Mg ha −1 in the next ranked group.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall and spring conventional till without herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- corn yieldt0
- Value
- 14–20 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fall and spring conventional till without herbicide application (14–20 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage alone produced the lowest silage corn yield, 5–15 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- only conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- corn yieldt0
- Value
- 5–15 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lastly when only conservation tillage was used to terminate alfalfa (5–15 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide termination after corn emergence reduces silage corn yield by 9–19%, depending on tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- herbicides after corn emergencee0
- Outcome
- silage corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Value
- 9–19%e0
- Qualifier
- depending on tillagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Termination of glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa by herbicides after corn emergence, depending on tillage, reduces silage corn yield 9–19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminate glyphosate resistant alfalfa with herbicides before planting to optimize silage corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa is terminated with herbicides prior to plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silage corn yield can be optimized when glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa is terminated with herbicides prior to planting, regardless of tillage type or timing”
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.