Abstract
This study was conducted during the two summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 at Abou Awad Village, Aga, Dakahila Governorate, Egypt, on summer squash Arlika F1 hybrid, to investigate the utilization of some different sources and rates of organic manures (mineral N fertilizer, rice straw compost, chicken and farmyard manure) at 200 % and 100% of recommended rate/fed. from each source with foliar spraying of seaweed extracts (without and with 1g/ l) compared with mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 100 % and 50 % of recommended rate/ fed. and their interactions on plant growth, yield and quality as well as mineral NPK content. A split-split plot design in complete randomized blocks with three replications in both seasons, seaweed extracts represented in the main plot which were sub divided to four sub plots were occupied with the treatments of organic nitrogen fertilizer sources while rates of organic nitrogen sources were assigned to the sub- sub plots. The results indicated that most of plant growth parameters were significantly increased by foliar spraying with seaweed extracts of summer squash in both seasons. In addition, the treated squash plants with seaweed extracts produced more early yield, total yield and vitamin C content and lower nitrate content in fruits. Moreover, an increase in NPK content in the leaves and fruits as compared with control were detected in the two growing seasons . Application of compost manure (rice straw) gave the highest values of fresh and dry weight/plant, total yield and dry matter in both seasons. However the best early yield was obtained with chicken manure and FYM in the first and second seasons. While, lower nitrate content in the fruits was obtained with FYM and compost in the first and second season, respectively. With increasing the rate of organic nitrogen fertilizer addition, all vegetative growth parameters, early yield, total yield and fruits quality as well as NPK in the leaves and fruits were significantly increased. The interaction between seaweed extracts and organic nitrogen fertilizer sources and rates gave the highest values of vegetative characters, total yield in both seasons, but vitamin C in fruits was increased in the first season when summer squash plants was fertilized with rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate with spraying by seaweed extracts. In general, it can be concluded that: 1- By conducting economical estimation, it appears that the maximum net return (4992 and 4854 L.E./fed.) were obtained with foliar spraying by seaweed extracts in combination with 200 % of FYM, followed by rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate/fed. respectively, comparing with control. 2- There are good opportunities to utilize and manipulate rice straw compost to enhance crop productivity and synonym essential to adopt a system of organic farming for obtained safe and clean food of vegetable crops against the chemical farming and also, reduce the risks of the environmental pollution. 3- Moreover, application organic manure affects of the chemical and physical properties of the soil as well as improve soil fertility.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract spray significantly increased most squash growth parameters.
- Taxon
- summer squashe0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with seaweed extractse0
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“most of plant growth parameters were significantly increased by foliar spraying with seaweed extracts of summer squash in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed-treated squash had greater early and total yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treated squash plants with seaweed extracts produced more early yield, total yield and vitamin C content and lower nitrate content in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed-treated squash had higher vitamin C content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treated squash plants with seaweed extracts produced more early yield, total yield and vitamin C content and lower nitrate content in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed-treated squash fruit had lower nitrate content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treated squash plants with seaweed extracts produced more early yield, total yield and vitamin C content and lower nitrate content in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed treatment increased NPK content in squash leaves and fruit relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in NPK content in the leaves and fruits as compared with control were detected in the two growing seasons”
e1“the treated squash plants with seaweed extracts produced more early yield”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice-straw compost gave the highest squash fresh and dry weight per plant and dry matter.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- compost manure (rice straw)e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight/plant, total yield and dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of compost manure (rice straw) gave the highest values of fresh and dry weight/plant, total yield and dry matter in both seasons”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure gave the best early yield in the first season.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the best early yield was obtained with chicken manure and FYM in the first and second seasons”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure gave the best early yield in the second season.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the best early yield was obtained with chicken manure and FYM in the first and second seasons”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure gave lower fruit nitrate content in the first season.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- nitrate content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lower nitrate content in the fruits was obtained with FYM and compost in the first and second season, respectively”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost gave lower fruit nitrate content in the second season.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- nitrate content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lower nitrate content in the fruits was obtained with FYM and compost in the first and second season, respectively”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing organic nitrogen rate significantly increased squash vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality.
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of organic nitrogen fertilizer additione0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameters, early yield, total yield and fruits qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“With increasing the rate of organic nitrogen fertilizer addition, all vegetative growth parameters, early yield, total yield and fruits quality as well as NPK in the leaves and fruits were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing organic nitrogen rate significantly increased NPK in squash leaves and fruit.
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of organic nitrogen fertilizer additione0
- Outcome
- NPK in the leaves and fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“With increasing the rate of organic nitrogen fertilizer addition, all vegetative growth parameters, early yield, total yield and fruits quality as well as NPK in the leaves and fruits were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract and organic nitrogen source and rate interacted to give highest vegetative traits and total yield.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracts and organic nitrogen fertilizer sources and ratese0
- Outcome
- vegetative characters, total yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between seaweed extracts and organic nitrogen fertilizer sources and rates gave the highest values of vegetative characters, total yield in both seasons”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice-straw compost at 200% with seaweed spray increased squash fruit vitamin C in the first season.
- Taxon
- summer squash plantse0
- Treatment
- rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate with spraying by seaweed extractse0
- Outcome
- vitamin C in fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C in fruits was increased in the first season when summer squash plants was fertilized with rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate with spraying by seaweed extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed spray with 200% farmyard manure gave the maximum net return, 4992 L.E./fed.
Verbatim
e0“maximum net return (4992 and 4854 L.E./fed.) were obtained with foliar spraying by seaweed extracts in combination with 200 % of FYM, followed by rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate/fed. respectively, comparing with control”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed spray with 200% rice-straw compost gave 4854 L.E./fed. net return.
Verbatim
e0“maximum net return (4992 and 4854 L.E./fed.) were obtained with foliar spraying by seaweed extracts in combination with 200 % of FYM, followed by rice straw compost at 200 % of recommended rate/fed. respectively, comparing with control”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend rice-straw compost for squash productivity and organic farming.
Verbatim
e0“There are good opportunities to utilize and manipulate rice straw compost to enhance crop productivity and synonym essential to adopt a system of organic farming for obtained safe and clean food of vegetable crops”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure was reported to improve soil fertility through effects on soil properties.
Verbatim
e0“application organic manure affects of the chemical and physical properties of the soil as well as improve soil fertility”
t0“SUMMER SQUASH”
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