Abstract
Distillery spentwash, a sugar-industry discharge of plant origin generated during ethanol production can be used to fertilize the plants, instead of polluting the environment. A field experiment arranged in a split plot design consisted five spentwash spray concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %) as main split and four N-P rates i.e. 0, 1/3 rd , 2/3 rd and full recommended (0-0, 46-23, 93-46 and 140-70 kg N-P2O5 ha -1 ) as sub-split, replicated thrice. Increasing the concentration of spentwash or N-P fertilizer rates alone and their interaction significantly increased growth, yield and leaf tissue NPK concentration. Yet, increasing the rates of N-P alone from 1/3 rd to full, did not increase the leaf tissue K concentration till foliar spray of spentwash. A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70), bolls (40.24) plant -1 , seed cotton yield (4025 kg) ha -1 and leaf tissue N (3.40%) and P (0.20%) without any adverse effects on soil or cotton plant. However, increasing the rate of N-P fertilizer from 2/3 rd to full or spentwash concentration from 15% to 20% did not influence the cotton attributes and yield. A 2/3 rd N-P rate with 20% spentwash spray increased seed cotton yield by 20%, even over full N-P, which saved 1/3 rd cost of each N-P and complete K, the best way to economize the chemical fertilizer inputs.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing spentwash and N-P rates, alone and together, significantly increased cotton growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- spentwash or N-P fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- growth, yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the concentration of spentwash or N-P fertilizer rates alone and their interaction significantly increased growth, yield and leaf tissue NPK concentration.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing spentwash and N-P rates significantly increased cotton leaf NPK concentration.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- spentwash or N-P fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- leaf tissue NPK concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the concentration of spentwash or N-P fertilizer rates alone and their interaction significantly increased growth, yield and leaf tissue NPK concentration.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N-P from one third to full rate alone did not increase leaf K concentration until spentwash spray.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the rates of N-P alone from 1/3 rd to fulle0
- Outcome
- leaf tissue K concentratione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- 1/3 rde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the rates of N-P alone from 1/3 rd to full, did not increase the leaf tissue K concentration till foliar spray of spentwash.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum cotton plant height of 130.77 cm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 130.77 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum leaf number of 25.13.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 25.13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum sympodia of 20.12.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- sympodiae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 20.12e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum squares of 27.70.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- squarese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 27.70e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum bolls of 40.24 per plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- bollse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 40.24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70), bolls (40.24) plant -1”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum seed cotton yield of 4025 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4025 kg) ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70), bolls (40.24) plant -1 , seed cotton yield (4025 kg) ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum leaf tissue N of 3.40%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- leaf tissue Ne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70), bolls (40.24) plant -1 , seed cotton yield (4025 kg) ha -1 and leaf tissue N (3.40%)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Full N-P with 20% spentwash gave maximum leaf tissue P of 0.20%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full N-P fertilizer rate with 20% spentwash spray resulted in maximum plant height (130.77 cm), number of leaves (25.13), sympodia (20.12), squares (27.70), bolls (40.24) plant -1 , seed cotton yield (4025 kg) ha -1 and leaf tissue N (3.40%) and P (0.20%)”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N-P from two thirds to full rate did not influence cotton attributes and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of N-P fertilizer from 2/3 rd to fulle0
- Outcome
- cotton attributes and yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Comparator
- 2/3 rde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the rate of N-P fertilizer from 2/3 rd to full or spentwash concentration from 15% to 20% did not influence the cotton attributes and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing spentwash from 15% to 20% did not influence cotton attributes and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- spentwash concentration from 15% to 20%e0
- Outcome
- cotton attributes and yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Comparator
- 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the rate of N-P fertilizer from 2/3 rd to full or spentwash concentration from 15% to 20% did not influence the cotton attributes and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two thirds N-P with 20% spentwash increased seed cotton yield by 20% over full N-P.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2/3 rd N-P rate with 20% spentwash spraye0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- full N-Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 2/3 rd N-P rate with 20% spentwash spray increased seed cotton yield by 20%, even over full N-P”
Claim · model-written summary
Two thirds N-P with 20% spentwash saved one third N-P cost and all K cost.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- cost of each N-P and complete Ke0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 1/3 rde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which saved 1/3 rd cost of each N-P and complete K, the best way to economize the chemical fertilizer inputs.”
t0“cotton”
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