Abstract
THIS STUDY was carried-out during two successive seasons …. 2014 and 2015 on 10 –year-old Washington Navel orange trees, cultivated in heavy loamy soil under El-Kalubia governorate conditions. Urea foliar applications at 1% or 2% concentrations in one time or twice at both mid of December and January. Morphological and microscopic studies cleared that, both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control. Urea 1% twice applications significantly improved fruit set and total yield and the most of physical and chemical fruit properties in this study . Moreover, urea 1% twice applications significantly increased total indols and reduced total phenols in flower buds during blooming stages which positively reflected on fruit setting and yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
One or two applications of 1% urea improved floral initiation and differentiation.
Citrus sinensisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1% urea applications shortened blooming from eight to six weeks.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1% urea applications increased deformed pollen grains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applying 1% urea significantly improved fruit set.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea 1% twice applications significantly improved fruit set and total yield and the most of physical and chemical fruit properties”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applying 1% urea significantly improved total yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea 1% twice applications significantly improved fruit set and total yield and the most of physical and chemical fruit properties”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applying 1% urea significantly improved most fruit properties.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea 1% twice applications significantly improved fruit set and total yield and the most of physical and chemical fruit properties”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applying 1% urea increased total indols in flower buds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea 1% twice applications significantly increased total indols and reduced total phenols in flower buds during blooming stages”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applying 1% urea reduced total phenols in flower buds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea 1% twice applications significantly increased total indols and reduced total phenols in flower buds during blooming stages”
e1“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e2“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e3“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
e4“both Urea 1% one-time or twice applications improved the floral initiation and differentiation and reduced blooming process period for Washington Navel orange from 8 to 6 weeks and increased the deformity pollen grains when compared to control.”
t0“Washington Navel Orange Trees”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →nitrogen · phenology · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.