Abstract
The production of phagostimulant and attractive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by yeasts can be exploited to improve the efficacy of attract-and-kill formulations against the spotted wing drosophila (SWD). This study evaluated the persistence over one week of a yeast-based formulation under greenhouse conditions. Potted grape plants were treated with: (i) potato dextrose broth (PDB), (ii) PDB containing spinosad (PDB + S), and (iii) H. uvarum fermentation broth grown on PDB containing spinosad (H. u. + S). Laboratory trials were performed to determine the survival and the oviposition rate of SWD after exposure to treated leaves. Ion-exchange chromatography was performed to measure carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, and organic acids on leaf surfaces, while amino acids were assessed through liquid chromatography–mass-spectrometry. Additionally, the VOCs released by plants treated with H.uvarum were collected via closed-loop-stripping analysis and compared to those emitted by untreated leaves. A higher mortality was observed for adult SWDs in contact with H. uvarum containing spinosad compared to PDB containing spinosad. Generally, a decrease in the amounts of non-volatile compounds was observed over time, though numerous nutrients were still present one week after treatment. The application of the yeast-based formulation induced the emission of VOCs by the treated leaves. The concentration of 2-phenylethanol, one of the main VOCs emitted by yeasts, decreased over time. These findings describe the presence of potential phagostimulants and compounds attractive to SWD in a yeast-based attract-and-kill formulation and demonstrate the efficacy of the formulation over one week.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast plus spinosad formulation produced higher SWD adult mortality than spinosad broth.
Verbatim
e0“A higher mortality was observed for adult SWDs in contact with H. uvarum containing spinosad compared to PDB containing spinosad.”
t0“Grape Leaves”
t1“Grape Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonvolatile compounds on treated leaves decreased over time.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the amounts of non-volatile compounds was observed over time”
t0“Grape Leaves”
t1“Grape Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Numerous nutrients persisted one week after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“numerous nutrients were still present one week after treatment”
t0“Grape Leaves”
t1“Grape Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast formulation induced VOC emission from grape leaves.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- yeast-based formulatione0
- Outcome
- emission of VOCs by the treated leavese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of the yeast-based formulation induced the emission of VOCs by the treated leaves.”
t0“Grape Leaves”
t1“Grape Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2-phenylethanol concentration decreased over time.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of 2-phenylethanol, one of the main VOCs emitted by yeasts, decreased over time.”
t0“Grape Leaves”
t1“Grape Leaves”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · pest · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.