Abstract
Nitrogen is important for the enrichment of grain Zn when Zn is foliarly applied. However, decreasing soil N input has become a major issue for environmental protection. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of spraying different Zn sources [ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2] combined with or without urea on grain Zn concentration and bioavailability under reduced soil N rates, both in single wheat plantation and winter wheat-summer maize rotation. Results showed that foliar application of Zn(Gly)2 significantly increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation and 150% under single wheat plantation. The effectiveness of foliar ZnSO4 application in increasing grain Zn was similar with that of Zn(Gly)2. Adding urea to foliar ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2 further increased grain Zn concentration under reduced soil N rates. Grain Zn biavailability increased with the reduction of soil N rates, but decreased after application of foliar Zn fertilizers. Foliar fertilization significantly increased protein, Fe, and Mn concentrations in grain, and the magnitudes of these increases were greater when Zn(Gly)2 alone or ZnSO4 plus urea were applied. Simultaneous foliar application of ZnSO4 and urea slightly increased farmer’s net income. These results suggest that foliar application of ZnSO4 plus urea can be used as efficient and economical fertilization strategies to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply, and consequently minimize Zn deficiency in humans.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn(Gly)2 increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- foliar application of Zn(Gly)2e0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Setting
- wheat-summer maize rotatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of Zn(Gly)2 significantly increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation and 150% under single wheat plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn(Gly)2 increased grain Zn concentration by 150% under single wheat plantation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn(Gly)2e0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 150%e0
- Setting
- single wheat plantatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of Zn(Gly)2 significantly increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation and 150% under single wheat plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 was similar to Zn(Gly)2 in increasing grain Zn.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- in increasing grain Zne1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- Zn(Gly)2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effectiveness of foliar ZnSO4 application in increasing grain Zn was similar with that of Zn(Gly)2”
e0“foliar application of Zn(Gly)2 significantly increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation and 150% under single wheat plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding urea to foliar ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2 further increased grain Zn concentration under reduced soil N rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Adding urea to foliar ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2e2
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- under reduced soil N ratese2
- Comparator
- foliar ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Adding urea to foliar ZnSO4 or Zn(Gly)2 further increased grain Zn concentration under reduced soil N rates”
e0“foliar application of Zn(Gly)2 significantly increased grain Zn concentration by 88% under wheat-summer maize rotation and 150% under single wheat plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn bioavailability increased as soil N rates were reduced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- reduction of soil N ratese3
- Outcome
- Grain Zn biavailabilitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain Zn biavailability increased with the reduction of soil N rates, but decreased after application of foliar Zn fertilizers”
e6“to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn bioavailability decreased after foliar Zn fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- application of foliar Zn fertilizerse3
- Outcome
- Grain Zn biavailabilitye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain Zn biavailability increased with the reduction of soil N rates, but decreased after application of foliar Zn fertilizers”
e6“to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization significantly increased grain protein, Fe and Mn concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- protein, Fe, and Mn concentrations in graine4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar fertilization significantly increased protein, Fe, and Mn concentrations in grain, and the magnitudes of these increases were greater when Zn(Gly)2 alone or ZnSO4 plus urea were applied”
e6“to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
The increases in protein, Fe and Mn were greater with Zn(Gly)2 alone or ZnSO4 plus urea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Zn(Gly)2 alone or ZnSO4 plus ureae4
- Outcome
- magnitudes of these increasese4
- Direction
- greatere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar fertilization significantly increased protein, Fe, and Mn concentrations in grain, and the magnitudes of these increases were greater when Zn(Gly)2 alone or ZnSO4 plus urea were applied”
e6“to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous foliar ZnSO4 and urea slightly increased farmers’ net income.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Simultaneous foliar application of ZnSO4 and ureae5
- Outcome
- farmer’s net incomee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- slightlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Simultaneous foliar application of ZnSO4 and urea slightly increased farmer’s net income”
e6“to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 plus urea is suggested as an efficient and economical strategy to raise wheat grain Zn concentration and bioavailability under reduced soil N, and consequently minimize human Zn deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4 plus ureae6
- Outcome
- Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat graine6
- Qualifier
- consequently minimize Zn deficiency in humanse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These results suggest that foliar application of ZnSO4 plus urea can be used as efficient and economical fertilization strategies to increase Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under reduced soil N supply, and consequently minimize Zn deficiency in humans”
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