Abstract
Trichoderma strains are used as biofungicides for some plant diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolates, applied alone and in combination with fungicides, to control Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, and their impact on wheat yield and its components. To this end, field experiments were performed in 2010 and 2011 and 10 different treatments were applied. The disease severity was assessed by visual estimation of the leaf area affected by Z. tritici at the first node, anthesis and early dough growth stages. The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”. Regarding the increase in yield gain and the improvement of yield components, the fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tillering in 2011 provided significant increase. Respect the treatments with the application of T. harzianum the best was only one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alone showing yield responses similar to the ones obtained with the fungicide treatments. We recommended the coated seed alone because the protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripening. This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide. We found a strong relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the wheat yield in 2011 as a consequence of the best environmental conditions for the disease’s occurrence. Contrary, it was shown a non-significant association between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and the wheat yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating with T. harzianum reduced disease progress curve area.
- Treatment
- coated seed only with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating plus two foliar applications of T. harzianum reduced disease progress curve area.
- Treatment
- coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide at seedling and tillering significantly increased yield gain and yield components in 2011.
- Treatment
- fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tilleringe0
- Outcome
- yield gaine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- in 2011e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Regarding the increase in yield gain and the improvement of yield components, the fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tillering in 2011 provided significant increase.”
Claim · model-written summary
A single T. harzianum seed-coat application gave yields similar to fungicide treatments.
- Treatment
- one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alonee0
- Outcome
- yield responsese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- fungicide treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“only one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alone showing yield responses similar to the ones obtained with the fungicide treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend seed coating alone because protection lasts until early dough ripening.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- coated seed alonee0
- Qualifier
- protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommended the coated seed alone because the protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripening.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating produced yield comparable to three T. harzianum applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- This applicatione0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- three applications of T. harzianume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating produced yield comparable to multiple commercial fungicide applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- This applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- more than one application of commercial fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels per spike strongly related to wheat yield in 2011.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- kernels per spikee0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Qualifier
- in 2011e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found a strong relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the wheat yield in 2011 as a consequence of the best environmental conditions for the disease’s occurrence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand kernel weight was not significantly associated with wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- thousand kernel weight (TKW)e0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrary, it was shown a non-significant association between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and the wheat yield.”
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