Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, to evaluate the effect of different herbicides and their combinations on growth of composite weed flora and productivity of direct-seeded rice (DSR) (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The experiment comprised 8 weed-control treat- ments, viz. T , pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 30 g/ha as post-emergence (PoE); T , pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg/ha as pre 1 2 emergence (PE); T , pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.75% + pretilachlor 30% WG (pre-mix) @ 1.50 kg/ha (commercial prod- 3 uct) as PoE; T , pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.75% + pretilachlor 30% WG (pre-mix) @ 1.75 kg/ha (commercial product) 4 as PoE; T , pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.75% + pretilachlor 30% WG (pre-mix) @ 3.50 kg/ha (commercial product) as 5 PoE; T , Almix @ 20 g/ha (commercial product) as PoE; T , bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha as PoE + 1 hand weed- 6 7 ing (HW) at 40 days (farmers practice); and T , unweeded control (season-long weedy condition). All weed-control 8 options significantly influenced the weed growth and crop yield. Monocot weeds, particularly sedges, were the most dominant among all the species. Grain yield losses due to weeds would amount to 59.065.6%, if weed-con- trol measures were not undertaken. Combined applications of ready-mix herbicides provided better weed control with higher weed-control index (WCI) in DSR than those observed with sole application of herbicides. Post-emer- gence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor as ready-mix (3.5 kg/ha) resulted in significantly lower weed density and dry matter with higher WCI (77.25%) at 30 days after application (DAA) than the other sole and combined applications of herbicides. Application of herbicides initially reduced microbial activity slightly up to 3 DAA, but recovered well at subsequent stages owing to improved crop growth. A significant negative correlation was found between weed growth (density and biomass) and yield of rice. Ready-mix application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor (3.50 kg/ha) being at par with pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor @ 1.75 kg/ha (ready-mix) and bispyribac-sodium (25 g/ha) + 1 hand weeding (farmers practice) resulted in the highest grain (2.99 t/ha) and straw yield (4.29 t/ha) of rice. This weed-control treatment resulted in a mean grain yield increase of 190.3% com- pared to uncontrolled weed growth.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Monocot weeds, especially sedges, dominated.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- Monocot weedse0weed
- Outcome
- most dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Monocot weeds, particularly sedges, were the most dominant among all the species”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled weeds caused grain-yield losses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Grain yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 59.065.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield losses due to weeds would amount to 59.065.6%, if weed-con- trol measures were not undertaken”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mix herbicides improved weed control over sole herbicides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combined applications of ready-mix herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control with higher weed-control index (WCI)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole application of herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined applications of ready-mix herbicides provided better weed control with higher weed-control index (WCI) in DSR than those observed with sole application of herbicides”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.5 kg/ha mix reduced weed density and dry matter versus other applications.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor as ready-mix (3.5 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and dry mattere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other sole and combined applications of herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-emer- gence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor as ready-mix (3.5 kg/ha) resulted in significantly lower weed density and dry matter with higher WCI (77.25%) at 30 days after application (DAA) than the other sole and combined applications of herbicides”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.5 kg/ha mix raised WCI to 77.25% at 30 DAA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidest0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- WCIe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 77.25%e0
- Comparator
- other sole and combined applications of herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with higher WCI (77.25%) at 30 days after application (DAA) than the other sole and combined applications of herbicides”
t0“Effect of herbicides and their combinations on weeds and productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides slightly reduced microbial activity through day 3, followed by recovery.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- microbial activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- up to 3 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of herbicides initially reduced microbial activity slightly up to 3 DAA, but recovered well at subsequent stages owing to improved crop growth”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density and biomass correlated negatively with rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- yield of ricee0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant negative correlation was found between weed growth (density and biomass) and yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mix treatment produced the highest rice grain yield, 2.99 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor (3.50 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.99 t/hae0
- Comparator
- pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor @ 1.75 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ready-mix application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor (3.50 kg/ha) being at par with pyrazosulfuron ethyl + pretilachlor @ 1.75 kg/ha (ready-mix) and bispyribac-sodium (25 g/ha) + 1 hand weeding (farmers practice) resulted in the highest grain (2.99 t/ha) and straw yield (4.29 t/ha) of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mix treatment produced rice straw yield of 4.29 t/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the highest grain (2.99 t/ha) and straw yield (4.29 t/ha) of rice”
t0“herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed-control treatment increased grain yield by 190.3% versus uncontrolled weed growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed-control treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 190.3%e0
- Comparator
- uncontrolled weed growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This weed-control treatment resulted in a mean grain yield increase of 190.3% com- pared to uncontrolled weed growth”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
Pretilachlor · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
132 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
137 papers more in this group
See all 141 papers →Pretilachlor · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
146 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
146 papers more in this group
See all 150 papers →Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →herbicide · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →herbicide · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
578 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
599 papers more in this group
See all 603 papers →herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
798 papers more in this group
See all 802 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.