Abstract
Water scarcity and salinity are major concerns for the new intensive olive groves in arid and semi-arid areas in Tunisia. Furthermore, an inadequately applied fertilization program should aggravate the problem of salinity. The main aim of the present study is to assess the effects of salinity and ammonium nitrate (AN) on the behavior of olive plants (Olea europaea L.var. Arbequina). The experiment was performed with four NaCl levels (0.5, 50, 100, and 150 mM) combined with three levels of NH4 NO3 (0, 50, 100 g) by adding the nutrient solution of ½ Hoagland. Salinity had a statically significant negative effect on the considered responses, although the severity of the effect varies among treatments. High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM) decreased vegetative growth, the production of fresh and dry biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and increased leaf succulence. Similarly, salinity induced an accumulation of toxic ions and loss of electrolytes in the leaves. The use of ammonium nitrate is noticed to be ineffective in improving various growth and physiological parameters of olive plants grown under saline conditions, and it depressed all studied parameters mainly at the highest dose. This depression could be attributed to an increase in leaf sodium concentration after ammonium nitrate application, in spite of the increase of leaf nitrogen concentration. A better management of nitrogen fertilization in saline conditions should be considered mainly in relation to the right source.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly harmed the measured olive responses, with severity varying by treatment.
- Taxon
- olive tree
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- considered responsese0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
- Qualifier
- severity of the effect varies among treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had a statically significant negative effect on the considered responses, although the severity of the effect varies among treatments”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt decreased olive vegetative growth, fresh and dry biomass, and leaf area.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, the production of fresh and dry biomass, leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM) decreased vegetative growth, the production of fresh and dry biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt decreased olive leaf chlorophyll concentration.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM) decreased vegetative growth, the production of fresh and dry biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt increased olive leaf succulence.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM)e1
- Outcome
- leaf succulencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased leaf succulence”
e1“High concentrations of salt (100, 150 mM)”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused toxic ion accumulation in olive leaves.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of toxic ionse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity induced an accumulation of toxic ions and loss of electrolytes in the leaves”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused electrolyte loss from olive leaves.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- loss of electrolytese0
- Direction
- losse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity induced an accumulation of toxic ions and loss of electrolytes in the leaves”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate did not improve olive growth and physiology under salinity.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- growth and physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- ineffective in improvinge0
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium nitrate is noticed to be ineffective in improving various growth and physiological parameters of olive plants grown under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate depressed all measured parameters, mainly at its highest dose.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee1
- Outcome
- all studied parameterse0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Qualifier
- mainly at the highest dosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it depressed all studied parameters mainly at the highest dose”
e1“The use of ammonium nitrate”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate increased olive leaf sodium concentration, proposed as the cause of parameter depression.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate applicatione0
- Compound
- sodiume0
- Outcome
- This depressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This depression could be attributed to an increase in leaf sodium concentration after ammonium nitrate application”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate increased olive leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate applicatione1
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase of leaf nitrogen concentration”
e1“ammonium nitrate application”
t0“olive tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend better nitrogen fertilizer management and choosing the right source under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- olive treeOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- better management of nitrogen fertilization in saline conditionse0
- Qualifier
- right sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A better management of nitrogen fertilization in saline conditions should be considered mainly in relation to the right source”
t0“olive tree”
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