Abstract
NADPH is an important molecule in the redox balance of the cell. In this paper, using olive tissue cultures as a model of the function of the NADPH-generating dehydrogenases in the mechanism of oxidative stress induced by severe salinity conditions was studied. When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl, a 40% reduction in leaf fresh weight was produced. The content of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione was diminished between 20% to 39%, whereas the H2O2 content was increased threefold. In contrast, the analysis of the activity and protein contents of the main antioxidative enzymes showed a significant increase of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. Overall, these changes strongly suggests that NaCl induces oxidative stress in olive plants. On the other hand, while the content of glucose-6-phosphate was increased almost eightfold in leaves of plants grown under salt stress, the content of NAD(P)H (reduced and oxided forms) did not show significant variations. Under salt stress conditions, the activity and protein contents of the main NADPH-recycling enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic enzyme (ME) and ferrodoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) showed an enhancement of 30-50%. In leaves of olive plants grown with 200 mM NaCl, analysis of G6PDH by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed a general increase of this protein in epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells. These results indicate that in olive plants, salinity causes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, and plants respond to this situation by inducing different antioxidative enzymes, especially the NADPH-producing dehydrogenases in order to recycle NADPH necessary for the protection against oxidative damages. These NADP-dehydrogenases appear to be key antioxidative enzymes in olive plants under salt stress conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress with 200 mM NaCl reduced olive leaf fresh weight by 40%.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)
Olea europaeae1 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- leaf fresh weighte1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl, a 40% reduction in leaf fresh weight was produced”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and glutathione contents in olive plants under salt stress decreased by 20% to 39%.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- content of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathionee2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Value
- 20% to 39%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e2“The content of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione was diminished between 20% to 39%”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 content in olive plants under salt stress increased threefold.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- threefolde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e3“the H2O2 content was increased threefold”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased activity and protein contents of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in olive plants.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle1
- Gene
- catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductasee4
- Outcome
- activity and protein contents of the main antioxidative enzymese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e4“the analysis of the activity and protein contents of the main antioxidative enzymes showed a significant increase of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased glucose-6-phosphate content almost eightfold in olive leaves.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- salt stresse5
- Outcome
- content of glucose-6-phosphatee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- almost eightfolde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e5“the content of glucose-6-phosphate was increased almost eightfold in leaves of plants grown under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD(P)H content in olive plants under 200 mM NaCl did not change significantly.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- content of NAD(P)H (reduced and oxided forms)e6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e6“the content of NAD(P)H (reduced and oxided forms) did not show significant variations”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, activity and protein contents of G6PDH, ICDH and malic enzyme rose 30-50%.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse7
- Gene
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic enzyme (ME)e7
- Outcome
- activity and protein contents of the main NADPH-recycling enzymese7
- Direction
- enhancemente7
- Value
- 30-50%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e7“Under salt stress conditions, the activity and protein contents of the main NADPH-recycling enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic enzyme (ME) and ferrodoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) showed an enhancement of 30-50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, ferrodoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) activity and protein content rose 30-50%.
- Taxon
- olive (Olea europaea)Olea europaeae1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse7
- Gene
- ferrodoxin-NADP reductase (FNR)e7
- Outcome
- activity and protein contents of the main NADPH-recycling enzymese7
- Direction
- enhancemente7
- Value
- 30-50%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When olive (Olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mM NaCl”
e7“Under salt stress conditions, the activity and protein contents of the main NADPH-recycling enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic enzyme (ME) and ferrodoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) showed an enhancement of 30-50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 200 mM NaCl, G6PDH protein generally increased in epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells of olive leaves.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll cellse0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle0
- Gene
- G6PDHe0
- Outcome
- general increase of this proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves of olive plants grown with 200 mM NaCl, analysis of G6PDH by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed a general increase of this protein in epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity causes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in olive plants.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that in olive plants, salinity causes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.