Abstract
Abstract Drought stress severely affected olive cultivation by impairing physiological and biochemical functions. However cross-adaptation has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance plant drought tolerance. In this study, cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks, followed by two-months of recovery and a subsequent exposure to drought for one month. Our results indicated that this strategy enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants by promoting growth, maintaining photosynthesis, preserving water status and reducing oxidative damage. To elucidate the biochemical basis of this improved tolerance, we investigated the involvment of phenolic compounds as key contributors in the antioxidant defense system. Notably, salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones. This enhancement was associated with the specific accumulation of key phenolic compounds, including secoiridoids (oleuropein), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (verbascoside) and glucoside flavonoids (luteolin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-O-glucoside) together with disometin. The elevated level of these bioactive metabolites together with the alleviation of oxidative stress, as revealed by the decline in oxidative stress markers and the high antioxydant activity of salt pretreated olive plants suggested that phenolic compounds act as effective antioxidants under drought conditions. However, a slight but significant reduction in the content of the phenolic polymer, lignin, was observed in salt pretreated olive plants, possibly reflecting a metabolic shift in nitrogen allocation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to highlight cross-adaptation’s role in selectively modulating phenolic molecules for adaptive drought responses.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Treatment
- exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weekse1
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants”
e1“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
e2“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment reduced oxidative damage in olive plants under drought.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weekse2
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants”
e1“reducing oxidative damage”
e2“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
e3“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment promoted growth in olive plants under drought.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weekse2
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- promotinge1
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants”
e1“promoting growth”
e2“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
e3“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment maintained photosynthesis in olive plants under drought.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weekse2
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- maintaininge1
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants”
e1“maintaining photosynthesis”
e2“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
e3“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment preserved water status in olive plants under drought.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weekse2
- Outcome
- water statuse1
- Direction
- preservinge1
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance in olive plants”
e1“preserving water status”
e2“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
e3“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreated olive plants had significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated plants.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- salt pretreatede0
- Outcome
- phenolic contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
e1“cross-adaptation was induced by exposing olive plants to 200 mM NaCl for three weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment was associated with increased accumulation of key phenolic compounds, including oleuropein, verbascoside, luteolin and apigenin glucosides and disometin.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- salt pretreatede0
- Outcome
- specific accumulation of key phenolic compoundse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
e1“associated with the specific accumulation of key phenolic compounds”
e2“including secoiridoids (oleuropein), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (verbascoside) and glucoside flavonoids (luteolin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-O-glucoside) together with disometin”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in oxidative stress markers indicates alleviation of oxidative stress in salt pretreated olive plants.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- salt pretreatede1
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decline in oxidative stress markers”
e1“the high antioxydant activity of salt pretreated olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreated olive plants had high antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- salt pretreatede0
- Outcome
- antioxydant activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high antioxydant activity of salt pretreated olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic compounds are suggested to act as effective antioxidants under drought conditions in olive.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Compound
- phenolic compoundse1
- Outcome
- effective antioxidantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt pretreated olive plants exhibited significantly elevated phenolic content relative to non-pretreated ones”
e1“suggested that phenolic compounds act as effective antioxidants under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
A slight but significant reduction in lignin content was observed in salt pretreated olive plants.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- salt pretreatede0
- Outcome
- content of the phenolic polymer, lignine0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight but significant reduction in the content of the phenolic polymer, lignin, was observed in salt pretreated olive plants”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.