Abstract
Abstract Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) can effectively enhance crop yields and raise the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems. In the present study, the volatilization of NH 3 was determined by airflow enclosure chamber technique after the application of different CRNF rates in double-cropping rice fields in southern China for continuous 3 years. The early and late season rice (ESR and LSR) were cultivated each year. The results showed that the total NH 3 volatilization losses ranged from 25 to 56 kg N ha −1 in ESR and from 32 to 61 kg N ha −1 in LSR. The loss of N to the total applied N ranged from 12 to 29% in ESR and from 12 to 27% in LSR. The application of CRNF significantly reduced the cumulative NH 3 volatilization losses by 20–43% for ESR and by 20–32% for LSR compared with conventional urea application. CRNF in LSR was less effective to reduce NH 3 volatilization than that in ESR. Furthermore, the application of 80% of N rate in the form of CRNF gave higher grain yield and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) than that of application of 100% of N rate from conventional urea. CRNF can effectively reduce NH 3 volatilization, and increase rice yield and ANRE. Considering higher price of CRNF, the application of CRNF at lower (20% applied N) rate than conventional urea in LSR may be a reasonable fertilization strategy for improving N use efficiency, environment effectiveness, and sustaining the development of rice production systems in double-cropping rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early-season rice fields lost 25 to 56 kg N ha−1 through ammonia volatilization.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- ESRe0
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilization lossese0
- Value
- 25 to 56 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total NH 3 volatilization losses ranged from 25 to 56 kg N ha −1 in ESR”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season rice fields lost 32 to 61 kg N ha−1 through ammonia volatilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- LSRe0
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilization lossese1
- Value
- 32 to 61 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 32 to 61 kg N ha −1 in LSR”
t0“double-cropping rice”
e1“total NH 3 volatilization losses ranged from 25 to 56 kg N ha −1 in ESR”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen loss represented 12 to 29% of applied nitrogen in early-season rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ESRe0
- Outcome
- loss of N to the total applied Ne0
- Value
- 12 to 29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of N to the total applied N ranged from 12 to 29% in ESR”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen loss represented 12 to 27% of applied nitrogen in late-season rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- LSRe0
- Outcome
- loss of N to the total applied Ne1
- Value
- 12 to 27%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 12 to 27% in LSR”
t0“double-cropping rice”
e1“The loss of N to the total applied N ranged from 12 to 29% in ESR”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizer reduced cumulative ammonia loss in early-season rice by 20–43% relative to urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ESRe0
- Treatment
- CRNFe0
- Outcome
- cumulative NH 3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20–43%e0
- Comparator
- conventional ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of CRNF significantly reduced the cumulative NH 3 volatilization losses by 20–43% for ESR and by 20–32% for LSR compared with conventional urea application”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizer reduced cumulative ammonia loss in late-season rice by 20–32% relative to urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- LSRe0
- Treatment
- CRNFe0
- Outcome
- cumulative NH 3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20–32%e0
- Comparator
- conventional ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of CRNF significantly reduced the cumulative NH 3 volatilization losses by 20–43% for ESR and by 20–32% for LSR compared with conventional urea application”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release fertilizer reduced ammonia volatilization less effectively in late-season than early-season rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRNF in LSRe0
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilizatione0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- that in ESRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CRNF in LSR was less effective to reduce NH 3 volatilization than that in ESR”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An 80% nitrogen rate as controlled-release fertilizer gave higher grain yield than a 100% rate as conventional urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% of N rate in the form of CRNFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 100% of N rate from conventional ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 80% of N rate in the form of CRNF gave higher grain yield and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) than that of application of 100% of N rate from conventional urea”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An 80% nitrogen rate as controlled-release fertilizer gave higher apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) than a 100% rate as conventional urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% of N rate in the form of CRNFe0
- Outcome
- apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 100% of N rate from conventional ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 80% of N rate in the form of CRNF gave higher grain yield and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) than that of application of 100% of N rate from conventional urea”
t0“double-cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a lower controlled-release fertilizer rate in late-season rice to improve nitrogen use efficiency, environmental outcomes, and production sustainability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- application of CRNF at lower (20% applied N) rate than conventional urea in LSRe0
- Qualifier
- Considering higher price of CRNFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CRNF at lower (20% applied N) rate than conventional urea in LSR may be a reasonable fertilization strategy for improving N use efficiency, environment effectiveness, and sustaining the development of rice production systems”
t0“Controlled-release N fertilizer to mitigate ammonia volatilization from double-cropping rice”
e1“Considering higher price of CRNF”
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