Abstract
This original research was performed to assess the possible effects of solid biochar (25 g biochar kg−1 soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) of magnesium oxide (25 g BNC-MgO kg−1 soil), manganese oxide (25 g BNC-MnO biochar kg−1 soil) and combined use of these nanocomposites (12.5 g BNC-MgO + 12.5 g BNC-MnO kg−1 soil) on soil properties and salinity (non-saline, 6 and 12 dSm−1) tolerance of safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of soil, and the contents of water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, chlorophyll (a & b), nutrients uptake, water use efficiency and plant growth. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmolyte production (soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline and glycine betaine) under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinities were decreased by biochar and BNCs treatments. Sodium sorption capacity of BNCs was much higher than the solid biochar, which reflected the superiority of BNCs in decreasing sodium uptake by plants. The combined application of BNC-MgO + BNC-MnO proved to be the preferable treatment for decreasing salt toxicity in safflower. Biochar and BNCs improved root and shoot growth by lowering SAR, ESP, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmotic stress under saline conditions. These results conclude that BNCs can enrich the plant cells with nutrients, increase the nutrients absorption rate and maintain the plant tissue water content at an optimum level to improve plant growth under salt stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites increased soil pH and cation exchange capacity.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- biochar, particularly BNCse0
- Outcome
- pH and cation exchange capacity of soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites increased water and mineral contents.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar, particularly BNCse0
- Outcome
- contents of water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganesee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of soil, and the contents of water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, chlorophyll (a & b), nutrients uptake, water use efficiency and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites increased chlorophyll, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar, particularly BNCse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (a & b), nutrients uptake, water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of soil, and the contents of water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, chlorophyll (a & b), nutrients uptake, water use efficiency and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar, particularly BNCse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of soil, and the contents of water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, chlorophyll (a & b), nutrients uptake, water use efficiency and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites decreased soil sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar and BNCs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmolyte production (soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline and glycine betaine) under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinities were decreased by biochar and BNCs treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites decreased safflower sodium absorption under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar and BNCs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sodium absorption rate of plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmolyte production (soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline and glycine betaine) under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinities were decreased by biochar and BNCs treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites decreased osmolyte production under salinity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biochar and BNCs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- osmolyte production (soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline and glycine betaine)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmolyte production (soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline and glycine betaine) under 6 and 12 dSm−1 salinities were decreased by biochar and BNCs treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanocomposites had higher sodium sorption capacity than solid biochar.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- BNCse0
- Outcome
- Sodium sorption capacitye0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- solid biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Sodium sorption capacity of BNCs was much higher than the solid biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BNC-MgO and BNC-MnO was preferred for reducing safflower salt toxicity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- combined application of BNC-MgO + BNC-MnOe0
- Outcome
- decreasing salt toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“The combined application of BNC-MgO + BNC-MnO proved to be the preferable treatment for decreasing salt toxicity in safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nanocomposites improved root and shoot growth under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Biochar and BNCse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Biochar and BNCs improved root and shoot growth by lowering SAR, ESP, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmotic stress under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower SAR, ESP, sodium absorption and osmotic stress explained growth improvement.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Biochar and BNCse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Qualifier
- lowering SAR, ESP, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmotic stress under saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“Biochar and BNCs improved root and shoot growth by lowering SAR, ESP, sodium absorption rate of plants and osmotic stress under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nanocomposites enrich plant cells with nutrients and improve nutrient absorption.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- BNCse0
- Outcome
- enrich the plant cells with nutrients, increase the nutrients absorption ratee0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“BNCs can enrich the plant cells with nutrients, increase the nutrients absorption rate and maintain the plant tissue water content at an optimum level to improve plant growth under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nanocomposites maintain plant water content and improve growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- BNCse0
- Outcome
- maintain the plant tissue water content at an optimum level to improve plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower”
e0“BNCs can enrich the plant cells with nutrients, increase the nutrients absorption rate and maintain the plant tissue water content at an optimum level to improve plant growth under salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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nanoparticle · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
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3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →biochar · nutrient: content · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · physiology: water · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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nanoparticle · physiology: water · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: osmolytes · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.