Abstract
In order to study the physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Damghan region during 2015-16 growing season. Irrigation as the main factor in three levels including normal irrigation (control), irrigation up to 75 BBCH (mild stress) and irrigation up to 65 BBCH (severe stress). Combination of spraying various concentrations of humic acid (non-application, application of recommended rate and two-fold recommended rate) and zinc nano-chelate (application and non-application) were as subplots of this experiment. The results showed that the effect of irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelate were significant on the number of capsules, number of seeds, 100-seed weight, grain yield, oil percent, and chlorophyll content. Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation. With application of humic acid based on recommended amount obtained the highest grain yield (2098.8 kg.ha-1). Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate resulted in 14.4, 8.4 and 18.4 percent increase in the grain number, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. The highest oil content (45.4%) and oil yield (943.3 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the normal irrigation. The non-application of humic acid, as well as irrigation up to 65 BBCH, led to decrease in leaf chlorophyll content. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in non-application of zinc nano-chelate and two-fold consumption of humic acid under irrigation up to 65 BBCH conditions. The seed oil percent had a positive correlation with functional traits and total chlorophyll content and had a negative and significant correlation with antioxidant enzymes activity. Regression results showed that capsule number, 100-seed weight, grain yield, and oil yield were the main factors affecting seed oil percent. In general, the application of humic acid with recommended amounts and zinc nano-chelate led to improvement of growth and physiological traits and tolerance to limited irrigation in castor plant.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduced 100-seed weight of castor by 11.9% compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castor
Ricinus communise0 - Treatment
- Irrigation up to 65 BBCHe1
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 11.9e1
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduced grain yield of castor by 34.9% compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Irrigation up to 65 BBCHe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 34.9e1
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduced biological yield of castor by 24.2% compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Irrigation up to 65 BBCHe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 24.2e1
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduced castor oil percent by 24.9% and oil yield by 51.7% compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Irrigation up to 65 BBCHe1
- Outcome
- percent and yield of oile1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 24.9, and 51.7e1
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatment, humic acid and zinc nano-chelate significantly affected the number of capsules, number of seeds and 100-seed weight of castor.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- number of capsules, number of seeds, 100-seed weighte2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e2“The results showed that the effect of irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelate were significant on the number of capsules, number of seeds, 100-seed weight, grain yield, oil percent, and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatment, humic acid and zinc nano-chelate significantly affected the grain yield, oil percent and chlorophyll content of castor.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- grain yield, oil percent, and chlorophyll contente2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e2“The results showed that the effect of irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelate were significant on the number of capsules, number of seeds, 100-seed weight, grain yield, oil percent, and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of humic acid at the recommended amount gave the highest grain yield of castor, 2098.8 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- application of humic acid based on recommended amounte3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 2098.8 kg.ha-1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e3“With application of humic acid based on recommended amount obtained the highest grain yield (2098.8 kg.ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate increased grain number of castor by 14.4%.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of zinc nano-chelatee4
- Outcome
- grain numbere4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 14.4e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e4“Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate resulted in 14.4, 8.4 and 18.4 percent increase in the grain number, 100-seed weight, and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate increased 100-seed weight of castor by 8.4%.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of zinc nano-chelatee4
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 8.4e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e4“Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate resulted in 14.4, 8.4 and 18.4 percent increase in the grain number, 100-seed weight, and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate increased grain yield of castor by 18.4%.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of zinc nano-chelatee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 18.4e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e4“Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate resulted in 14.4, 8.4 and 18.4 percent increase in the grain number, 100-seed weight, and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest oil content of castor, 45.4%, was obtained under normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- oil contente5
- Value
- 45.4%e5
- Qualifier
- in the normal irrigatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e5“The highest oil content (45.4%) and oil yield (943.3 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest oil yield of castor, 943.3 kg/ha, was obtained under normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- oil yielde5
- Value
- 943.3 kg.ha-1e5
- Qualifier
- in the normal irrigatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e5“The highest oil content (45.4%) and oil yield (943.3 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-application of humic acid decreased leaf chlorophyll content of castor.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- non-application of humic acide6
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e6“The non-application of humic acid, as well as irrigation up to 65 BBCH, led to decrease in leaf chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation up to 65 BBCH decreased leaf chlorophyll content of castor.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- irrigation up to 65 BBCHe6
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e6“The non-application of humic acid, as well as irrigation up to 65 BBCH, led to decrease in leaf chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest superoxide dismutase activity in castor was observed without foliar zinc nano-chelate and with two-fold humic acid under irrigation up to 65 BBCH.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee7
- Outcome
- activitye7
- Qualifier
- non-application of zinc nano-chelate and two-fold consumption of humic acid under irrigation up to 65 BBCH conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e7“The highest activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in non-application of zinc nano-chelate and two-fold consumption of humic acid under irrigation up to 65 BBCH conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil percent of castor was positively correlated with functional traits and total chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Compound
- chlorophylle1
- Outcome
- seed oil percente1
- Direction
- positivee1
- Qualifier
- functional traitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“The seed oil percent had a positive correlation with functional traits and total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil percent of castor was negatively and significantly correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Gene
- antioxidant enzymese2
- Outcome
- seed oil percente1
- Direction
- negativee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“The seed oil percent had a positive correlation with functional traits and total chlorophyll content”
e2“had a negative and significant correlation with antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule number, 100-seed weight, grain yield and oil yield were the main factors affecting seed oil percent of castor in regression.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- seed oil percente1
- Qualifier
- capsule number, 100-seed weight, grain yield, and oil yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“Regression results showed that capsule number, 100-seed weight, grain yield, and oil yield were the main factors affecting seed oil percent”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at recommended amounts together with zinc nano-chelate improved growth, physiological traits and tolerance to limited irrigation in castor.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- the application of humic acid with recommended amounts and zinc nano-chelatee1
- Outcome
- growth and physiological traits and tolerance to limited irrigatione1
- Direction
- improvemente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation”
e1“the application of humic acid with recommended amounts and zinc nano-chelate led to improvement of growth and physiological traits and tolerance to limited irrigation in castor plant”
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