Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield, shoot nutrient concentrations, and root:shoot ratio under different levels of NaCl salinity. Nitrogen applications were 90 and 180 mg N kg−1 soil substrate made from a mixture of bio-waste compost, quartz sand, and silty loam soil. A NaCl solution was added to the soil substrate to achieve target ECe of 1.3 (no salt added), 4.6, and 6.6 dS m−1, imitating different levels of salinity. Sorghum was sown as a second crop after maize, and biomass was harvested 12 weeks after sowing to assess dry weight and shoot nutrient concentrations. Salinity significantly decreased biomass yield regardless of N source. At an application rate of 90 mg N kg−1 substrate, biomass yield was 30% higher in plants fertilized with urine compared to ammonium nitrate regardless of salinity level. The application of 180 mg urine-N kg−1 raised substrate salinity and caused a significant decrease in shoot biomass yield in NaCl-treated substrates. Correlation analyses showed a relatively weak relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield in urine (r = 0.34; p > 0.05) compared to ammonium nitrate (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). At a salinity of 6.6 dS m−1, nitrogen use efficiency was lower (33%) in urine compared to ammonium nitrate treatments. In conclusion, urine fertilization improves sorghum growth. However, where soil salinity is a problem (e.g. ECe 6.6 dS m−1), lower urine dosages should be considered.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
At 90 mg N kg−1 substrate, urine-fertilized sorghum had 30% higher biomass yield than ammonium-nitrate-fertilized plants, regardless of salinity.
- Treatment
- urinee1
- Outcome
- biomass yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 30%e1
- Qualifier
- At an application rate of 90 mg N kg−1 substratee1
- Comparator
- ammonium nitratee1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e1“At an application rate of 90 mg N kg−1 substrate, biomass yield was 30% higher in plants fertilized with urine compared to ammonium nitrate regardless of salinity level”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased sorghum biomass yield regardless of N source.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e2“Salinity significantly decreased biomass yield regardless of N source”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 180 mg urine-N kg−1 raised substrate salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e3“The application of 180 mg urine-N kg−1 raised substrate salinity and caused a significant decrease in shoot biomass yield in NaCl-treated substrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 180 mg urine-N kg−1 caused a significant decrease in shoot biomass yield of NaCl-treated sorghum.
- Treatment
- 180 mg urine-N kg−1e3
- Outcome
- shoot biomass yielde3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Qualifier
- NaCl-treated substratese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e3“The application of 180 mg urine-N kg−1 raised substrate salinity and caused a significant decrease in shoot biomass yield in NaCl-treated substrates”
Claim · model-written summary
In urine treatment the relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield was relatively weak (r = 0.34, not significant).
- Treatment
- urinee4
- Outcome
- shoot N concentration and biomass yielde4
- Value
- r = 0.34e4
- Qualifier
- relatively weake4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e4“Correlation analyses showed a relatively weak relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield in urine (r = 0.34; p > 0.05) compared to ammonium nitrate (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
In ammonium nitrate treatment the relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield was strong (r = 0.91, significant).
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e4“Correlation analyses showed a relatively weak relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield in urine (r = 0.34; p > 0.05) compared to ammonium nitrate (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6.6 dS m−1 salinity, nitrogen use efficiency was lower (33%) with urine than with ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- urinee5
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 33%e5
- Qualifier
- At a salinity of 6.6 dS m−1e5
- Comparator
- ammonium nitratee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e5“At a salinity of 6.6 dS m−1, nitrogen use efficiency was lower (33%) in urine compared to ammonium nitrate treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Urine fertilization improved sorghum growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e6“In conclusion, urine fertilization improves sorghum growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower urine dosages should be considered where soil salinity is a problem.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield”
e7“where soil salinity is a problem (e.g. ECe 6.6 dS m−1), lower urine dosages should be considered”
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See all 120 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.