Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide issue that affects wheat production. A comprehensive understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms and the selection of reliable screening indices are crucial for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 wheat genotypes (obtained from a rapid selection of 96 original varieties) were chosen to investigate the existing screening methods and clarify the salinity tolerance mechanisms in wheat. Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 150 mM NaCl. Eighteen agronomic and physiological parameters were measured. The results indicated that the effects of salinity on the agronomic and physiological traits were significant. Salinity stress significantly decreased K + content and K + /Na + ratio in the whole plant, while the leaf K + /Na + ratio was the strongest determinant of salinity tolerance and had a significantly positive correlation with salt tolerance. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na + concentration and relative gene expression ( TaHKT1;5 , TaSOS1 , and TaAKT1-like ). The Na + transporter gene ( TaHKT1;5 ) showed a significantly greater increase in expression than the K + transporter gene ( TaAKT1-like ). We concluded that Na + exclusion rather than K + retention contributed to an optimal leaf K + /Na + ratio. Furthermore, the present exploration revealed that, under salt stress, tolerant accessions had higher shoot water content, shoot dry weight and lower stomatal density, leaf sap osmolality, and a significantly negative correlation was observed between salt tolerance and stomatal density. This indicated that changes in stomata density may represent a fundamental mechanism by which a plant may optimize water productivity and maintain growth under saline conditions. Taken together, the leaf K + /Na + ratio and stomatal density can be used as reliable screening indices for salt tolerance in wheat at the seedling stage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly affected agronomic and physiological traits.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- agronomic and physiological traitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of salinity on the agronomic and physiological traits were significant”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased whole-plant K + content and K + /Na + ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- whole plante0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- K + content and K + /Na + ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress significantly decreased K + content and K + /Na + ratio in the whole plant”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf K + /Na + ratio was the strongest determinant of salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- salinity tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- strongest determinante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf K + /Na + ratio was the strongest determinant of salinity tolerance”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf K + /Na + ratio correlated positively with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had a significantly positive correlation with salt tolerance”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased Na + concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Na + concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress significantly increased Na + concentration”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased expression of TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, and TaAKT1-like.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Gene
- TaHKT1;5 , TaSOS1 , and TaAKT1-likee0
- Outcome
- relative gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress significantly increased Na + concentration and relative gene expression ( TaHKT1;5 , TaSOS1 , and TaAKT1-like )”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHKT1;5 expression increased more than TaAKT1-like expression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaHKT1;5e0
- Outcome
- increase in expressione0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- TaAKT1-likee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Na + transporter gene ( TaHKT1;5 ) showed a significantly greater increase in expression than the K + transporter gene ( TaAKT1-like )”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded Na + exclusion contributed to optimal leaf K + /Na + ratio more than K + retention.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- optimal leaf K + /Na + ratioe0
- Qualifier
- Na + exclusion rather than K + retentione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na + exclusion rather than K + retention contributed to an optimal leaf K + /Na + ratio”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant accessions had higher shoot water content and shoot dry weight under salt stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- tolerant accessionse0
- Outcome
- shoot water content, shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under salt stress, tolerant accessions had higher shoot water content, shoot dry weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant accessions had lower stomatal density and leaf sap osmolality under salt stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stomatal density, leaf sap osmolalitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower stomatal density, leaf sap osmolality”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance correlated negatively with stomatal density.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Qualifier
- stomatal densitye0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significantly negative correlation was observed between salt tolerance and stomatal density”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed stomatal density changes as a mechanism for water productivity and growth under salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- optimize water productivity and maintain growthe0
- Qualifier
- changes in stomata densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in stomata density may represent a fundamental mechanism by which a plant may optimize water productivity and maintain growth under saline conditions”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf K + /Na + ratio and stomatal density were proposed as seedling salt tolerance screening indices.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- reliable screening indices for salt tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf K + /Na + ratio and stomatal density can be used as reliable screening indices for salt tolerance in wheat at the seedling stage”
The same questions in other papers
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