Abstract
Germination characteristics,dormancy causes,dormancy types and methods of breaking dormancy of Gynostemma pentaphyllumseeds which were collected from Jinxiu county in Guangxi,were investigated in this paper,so as to provide scientific basis for the seed propagation of G.pentaphyllum.The results indicated that:(1)The viability of G.pentaphyllumfreshly mature seeds was 91%,but when incubated at 10 ℃~35℃constant temperature and 15℃/25℃alternating temperature,germination percentages of them were less than 10%.The viability of freshly seed was significantly greater than the germination percentage,which indicated that there was obvious dormancy phenomenon in freshly collected G.pentaphyllumseeds.(2)G.pentaphyllumseed coat is water permeable,the embryo fully developed,the germination percentage of in vitro embryos was(78.0±4.8)%,and in vitro embryos could produce normal seedlings,which indicated that in vitro embryos of G.pentaphyllumseeds were non-dormant.(3)Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.The inhibitory effect enhanced significantly with the increase of water extract concentration,and the inhibitory effect of crushed seeds was greater than that of whole seeds;When water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%,seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage were only 18.0%,0.1cm and 0.1cm respectively,77.1%,97.3% and 95.8%lower than that of control.These indicated that there were water-soluble germination inhibitory substances in seed coat and endosperm of G.pentaphyllum,which was one of the main causes of seed dormancy.(4)GA3 and 6-BA could not improve the germination of G.pentaphyllumseeds,but cold stratification could promote seed dormancy release.These results indicate that G.pentaphyllumseeds possess non-deep physiological dormancy.(5)Low-temperature dry storage was the best way for seed conservation of G.pentaphyllum,which could also break seed dormancy.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly mature Gynostemma seeds had 91% viability.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllum
Gynostemma pentaphyllume0 - Organ / stage
- freshly mature seedse0
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Value
- 91%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of G.pentaphyllumfreshly mature seeds was 91%”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination under stated constant and alternating temperatures was below 10%.
- Taxon
- Gynostemma pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllumt0
- Treatment
- 10 ℃~35℃constant temperature and 15℃/25℃alternating temperaturee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when incubated at 10 ℃~35℃constant temperature and 15℃/25℃alternating temperature,germination percentages of them were less than 10%”
t0“Gynostemma pentaphyllum”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability significantly exceeded germination percentage, indicating fresh seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- germination percentagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of freshly seed was significantly greater than the germination percentage,which indicated that there was obvious dormancy phenomenon in freshly collected G.pentaphyllumseeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The Gynostemma seed coat was water permeable.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Outcome
- water permeablee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G.pentaphyllumseed coat is water permeable”
Claim · model-written summary
The Gynostemma embryo was fully developed.
- Taxon
- Gynostemma pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Outcome
- fully developede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the embryo fully developed”
t0“Gynostemma pentaphyllum”
Claim · model-written summary
Excised Gynostemma embryos germinated at (78.0±4.8)%.
- Taxon
- Gynostemma pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllumt0
- Organ / stage
- in vitro embryose0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Value
- (78.0±4.8)%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination percentage of in vitro embryos was(78.0±4.8)%”
t0“Gynostemma pentaphyllum”
Claim · model-written summary
Excised embryos produced normal seedlings and were judged non-dormant.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Organ / stage
- in vitro embryose0
- Outcome
- non-dormante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vitro embryos could produce normal seedlings,which indicated that in vitro embryos of G.pentaphyllumseeds were non-dormant”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-seed water extract inhibited cabbage seed germination, seedling height and root length.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- Water extract of whole seedse0
- Outcome
- seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedlinge0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crushed-seed water extract inhibited cabbage seed germination, seedling height and root length.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- crushed seedse0
- Outcome
- seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedlinge0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract inhibition strengthened significantly as concentration increased.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- water extract concentratione0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect enhanced significantly with the increase of water extract concentration”
e1“Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crushed-seed extract was more inhibitory than whole-seed extract.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- crushed seedse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- whole seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibitory effect of crushed seeds was greater than that of whole seeds”
e1“Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5% crushed-seed extract, cabbage germination was 18.0%, 77.1% below control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%e0
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 18.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 77.1%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%,seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage were only 18.0%,0.1cm and 0.1cm respectively,77.1%,97.3% and 95.8%lower than that of control.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5% crushed-seed extract, cabbage seedling height was 0.1cm, 97.3% below control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%e0
- Outcome
- height of seedlinge0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.1cme0
- Qualifier
- 97.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%,seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage were only 18.0%,0.1cm and 0.1cm respectively,77.1%,97.3% and 95.8%lower than that of control.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5% crushed-seed extract, cabbage root length was 0.1cm, 95.8% below control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%e0
- Outcome
- root length of seedlinge0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.1cme0
- Qualifier
- 95.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%,seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage were only 18.0%,0.1cm and 0.1cm respectively,77.1%,97.3% and 95.8%lower than that of control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble inhibitors in seed coat and endosperm were inferred to cause dormancy.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Organ / stage
- seed coat and endosperme0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Qualifier
- water-soluble germination inhibitory substancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were water-soluble germination inhibitory substances in seed coat and endosperm of G.pentaphyllum,which was one of the main causes of seed dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 did not improve Gynostemma germination.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- could not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 and 6-BA could not improve the germination of G.pentaphyllumseeds”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA did not improve Gynostemma germination.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- could not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 and 6-BA could not improve the germination of G.pentaphyllumseeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stratification promoted Gynostemma seed dormancy release.
- Taxon
- Gynostemma pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllumt0
- Treatment
- cold stratificatione0
- Outcome
- seed dormancy releasee0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold stratification could promote seed dormancy release”
t0“Gynostemma pentaphyllum”
Claim · model-written summary
Gynostemma seed dormancy was classified as non-deep physiological dormancy.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Outcome
- non-deep physiological dormancye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G.pentaphyllumseeds possess non-deep physiological dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature dry storage was recommended for conservation and dormancy breaking.
- Taxon
- G.pentaphyllumGynostemma pentaphyllume0
- Treatment
- Low-temperature dry storagee0
- Outcome
- best way for seed conservatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-temperature dry storage was the best way for seed conservation of G.pentaphyllum,which could also break seed dormancy.”
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