Abstract
Grain legumes are valuable sources of protein and contribute to the diversification and sustainability of agricultural systems. Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumn is a strategy to address low yields of spring grain legumes under conditions of climate change. A two-year field experiment was conducted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess the nitrogen yield and biological N2 fixation of winter peas and winter faba beans compared to their spring forms. The grain nitrogen yields of winter peas and winter faba beans were 1.83-fold and 1.35-fold higher compared to their spring forms, respectively, with a higher value for winter peas. This was mainly due to higher grain yields of winter legumes, as winter faba beans had a 1.06-fold higher grain nitrogen concentration than spring faba bean. Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was similar for all grain legumes, with by 2.85- and 2.92-fold higher values for peas and faba beans than for cereals, respectively. The N2 fixation of winter peas and winter faba beans were 3.90-fold and 2.28-fold higher compared to their spring forms, with winter peas having a 1.60-fold higher N2 fixation than winter faba beans. The negative nitrogen balance of winter peas was smaller than that of winter faba beans as they demonstrated the ability to overcompensate for higher nitrogen removal with grain through higher N2 fixation. The cultivation of winter grain legumes, especially winter peas, can be recommended under Pannonian climate conditions as they achieve high nitrogen yields and high levels of N2 fixation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen yield of winter peas was 1.83-fold higher than that of their spring forms.
- Taxon
- winter peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumne2
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.83-folde1
- Comparator
- their spring formse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The grain nitrogen yields of winter peas and winter faba beans were 1.83-fold and 1.35-fold higher compared to their spring forms, respectively”
e2“Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen yield of winter faba beans was 1.35-fold higher than that of their spring forms.
- Taxon
- winter faba beans
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumne2
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.35-folde1
- Comparator
- their spring formse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The grain nitrogen yields of winter peas and winter faba beans were 1.83-fold and 1.35-fold higher compared to their spring forms, respectively”
e2“Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter legumes had higher grain yields than their spring forms.
Verbatim
e1“The grain nitrogen yields of winter peas and winter faba beans were 1.83-fold and 1.35-fold higher compared to their spring forms, respectively”
e2“This was mainly due to higher grain yields of winter legumes”
e3“Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher grain nitrogen yield of winter legumes was mainly due to their higher grain yields.
Verbatim
e1“The grain nitrogen yields of winter peas and winter faba beans were 1.83-fold and 1.35-fold higher compared to their spring forms, respectively”
e2“This was mainly due to higher grain yields of winter legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen concentration of winter faba beans was 1.06-fold higher than that of spring faba bean.
- Taxon
- winter faba beansVicia fabae4
- Treatment
- Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumne3
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen concentratione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 1.06-folde4
- Comparator
- spring faba beane4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“winter faba beans had a 1.06-fold higher grain nitrogen concentration than spring faba bean”
e3“Shifting the sowing date from spring to autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was similar for all grain legumes.
Verbatim
e5“Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was similar for all grain legumes, with by 2.85- and 2.92-fold higher values for peas and faba beans than for cereals, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was 2.85-fold higher under peas than under cereals.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse5
- Outcome
- Soil mineral nitrate after harveste5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 2.85e5
- Qualifier
- folde5
- Comparator
- cerealse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was similar for all grain legumes, with by 2.85- and 2.92-fold higher values for peas and faba beans than for cereals, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was 2.92-fold higher under faba beans than under cereals.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae5
- Outcome
- Soil mineral nitrate after harveste5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 2.92e5
- Qualifier
- folde5
- Comparator
- cerealse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Soil mineral nitrate after harvest was similar for all grain legumes, with by 2.85- and 2.92-fold higher values for peas and faba beans than for cereals, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N2 fixation of winter peas was 1.60-fold higher than that of winter faba beans.
- Taxon
- winter peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.60-folde1
- Comparator
- winter faba beanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“winter peas having a 1.60-fold higher N2 fixation than winter faba beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The negative nitrogen balance of winter peas was smaller than that of winter faba beans.
- Taxon
- winter peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- negative nitrogen balancee1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Comparator
- winter faba beanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The negative nitrogen balance of winter peas was smaller than that of winter faba beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter peas overcompensated for higher nitrogen removal with grain through higher N2 fixation.
- Taxon
- winter peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- overcompensate for higher nitrogen removal with graine2
- Qualifier
- through higher N2 fixatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The negative nitrogen balance of winter peas was smaller than that of winter faba beans”
e2“as they demonstrated the ability to overcompensate for higher nitrogen removal with grain through higher N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation of winter grain legumes, especially winter peas, can be recommended under Pannonian climate conditions.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivation of winter grain legumes, especially winter peas, can be recommended under Pannonian climate conditions as they achieve high nitrogen yields and high levels of N2 fixation”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →sowing time · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →sowing time · nutrient: content · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.