Abstract
Soybean plants doubted to be infcted with damping-off were collected from different naturaly infected districts of Dakahlia Governorate. Frequency of the isolated pathogens revealed that Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Macrophomina Phaseolina. were the most aggressive pathogenic fungi causing the highest percentage of pre-emergence damping-off in Giza 35and Giza 111soybean cultivars. Among the five isolated fungi, only F. solani, R. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic ones. F. solani exhibit the highest percentage of post-emergence damping-off in both cultivars followed by R. solani. Moreover,the highest percentage of haelthy survived soybean plants were obtained when Pythium ultimum, was investigated. In vitro study boron, cobalt and molybdenum proved microelemnts that Fusarium solani was the most affected pathogen when evaluated at any of microelements compared with R. solani and P. ultimumthe. Cobalt at 5ppm reveal the highest growth reduction percentage against the 3 fungi where it valued 74%. However, the least inhibitory effect was recorded when molybdenum used at 2ppm being 34.77% for the three pathogenic fungi. Whereas, boron at 2 ppm was apparently equal with molybdenum at 5 ppm. In vivo experiments of two consecutive growing seasons 2016 and 2017, revealed that molybdenum(5 ppm) proved to be the most effective where the least percentages of both pre and post emergence (5.66) were obtained followed by cobalt (2 ppm) resulting 8%, meanwhile, boron (2 ppm) was the least effective revealed 9% .Plant morphological parameters in treated soybean showed that plant height ranged from 89 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 111.6 cm for molybdenum cultivar 35 (5 ppm) in growing season 2016 and ranged from 96.0 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 118.6 cm for molybdenum (5 ppm) in 2017 season. The highest chlorophyll a and b values were affected by the application of molybdenum followed by cobalt then boron. Carotenoids and total phenols revealed the highest values when Cobalt (2 ppm), was used. Oil and protein percentages in soybean seeds reported the highest values when molybdenum was applied followed with cobalt.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani, R. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic fungi in soybean.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- most pathogenic onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the five isolated fungi, only F. solani, R. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic ones.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani caused the highest post-emergence damping-off in both cultivars, followed by R. solani.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- post-emergence damping-offe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“F. solani exhibit the highest percentage of post-emergence damping-off in both cultivars followed by R. solani.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt at 5ppm reduced growth of the three fungi by 74%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cobalt at 5ppme0
- Outcome
- growth reduction percentage against the 3 fungie0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cobalt at 5ppm reveal the highest growth reduction percentage against the 3 fungi where it valued 74%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum at 2ppm gave the least inhibitory effect on the three fungi, 34.77%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- molybdenum used at 2ppme0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 34.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least inhibitory effect was recorded when molybdenum used at 2ppm being 34.77% for the three pathogenic fungi”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum at 5 ppm produced the least pre- and post-emergence damping-off, 5.66%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- molybdenum(5 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- pre and post emergencee0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 5.66e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“molybdenum(5 ppm) proved to be the most effective where the least percentages of both pre and post emergence (5.66) were obtained”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt at 2 ppm yielded 8% pre- and post-emergence damping-off.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- cobalt (2 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- pre and post emergencee0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“molybdenum(5 ppm) proved to be the most effective where the least percentages of both pre and post emergence (5.66) were obtained followed by cobalt (2 ppm) resulting 8%”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 2 ppm yielded 9% pre- and post-emergence damping-off.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“boron (2 ppm) was the least effective revealed 9%”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum produced the highest chlorophyll a and b values.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of molybdenume0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- cobalt then borone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest chlorophyll a and b values were affected by the application of molybdenum followed by cobalt then boron.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt at 2 ppm produced the highest carotenoid and total phenol values.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cobalt (2 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- Carotenoids and total phenolse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carotenoids and total phenols revealed the highest values when Cobalt (2 ppm), was used.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum gave the highest soybean seed oil and protein percentages.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- molybdenume0
- Outcome
- Oil and protein percentages in soybean seedse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- cobalte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil and protein percentages in soybean seeds reported the highest values when molybdenum was applied followed with cobalt.”
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