Abstract
Superdispersive iron, cobalt and copper nanocrystalline powders were synthesized in a water–ethanol medium by the reduction method using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer (for Fe and Co nanoparticles). Transmission electron microscopy micrographs and x-ray diffraction analyses of the freshly prepared nanocrystalline powders indicated that they were in a zerovalent state with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 60 nm. The soybean seeds were treated with an extra low nanocrystalline dose (not more than 300 mg of each metal per hectare) and then sowed on an experimental landfill plot consisting of a farming area of 180 m2. This pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds, which does not exert any adverse effect on the soil environment, reliably changed the biological indices of the plant growth and development. In particular, in laboratory experiments, the germination rates of soybean seeds treated with zerovalent Cu, Co and Fe were 65, 80 and 80%, respectively, whereas 55% germination was observed in the control sample; in the field experiment, for all of the nanoscale metals studied, the chlorophyll index increased by 7–15% and the number of nodules by 20–49% compared to the control sample, and the soybean crop yield increased up to 16% in comparison with the control sample.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cu treated soybean seeds germinated at 65, compared with 55% in controls.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 65e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“germination rates of soybean seeds treated with zerovalent Cu, Co and Fe were 65, 80 and 80%, respectively, whereas 55% germination was observed in the control sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Co treated soybean seeds germinated at 80, compared with 55% in controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- Coe0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 80e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“germination rates of soybean seeds treated with zerovalent Cu, Co and Fe were 65, 80 and 80%, respectively, whereas 55% germination was observed in the control sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe treated soybean seeds germinated at 80%, compared with 55% in controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“germination rates of soybean seeds treated with zerovalent Cu, Co and Fe were 65, 80 and 80%, respectively, whereas 55% germination was observed in the control sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoscale metal seed treatment increased chlorophyll index by 7–15% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- nanoscale metalse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7–15%e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“for all of the nanoscale metals studied, the chlorophyll index increased by 7–15% and the number of nodules by 20–49% compared to the control sample, and the soybean crop yield increased up to 16% in comparison with the control sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoscale metal seed treatment increased number of nodules by 20–49% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- nanoscale metalse0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20–49%e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“for all of the nanoscale metals studied, the chlorophyll index increased by 7–15% and the number of nodules by 20–49% compared to the control sample, and the soybean crop yield increased up to 16% in comparison with the control sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoscale metal seed treatment increased soybean crop yield by up to 16% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- DT-51t0
- Treatment
- nanoscale metalse0
- Outcome
- soybean crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 16%e0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51)”
e0“for all of the nanoscale metals studied, the chlorophyll index increased by 7–15% and the number of nodules by 20–49% compared to the control sample, and the soybean crop yield increased up to 16% in comparison with the control sample”
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