Abstract
Abstract Salinity is among the major abiotic stresses faced by different countries; limiting plant growth, development and yield. This research work was carried out to evaluate the influence of green prepared titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on the growth, metabolic constituents and ultrastructural alterations of soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants exposed to salt stress. TiO 2 NPs were green synthesized using an aqueous solution of Aloe vera leaf extract and the obtained NPs were identified using several techniques. An in vivo pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of foliar sprayed TiO 2 NPs (30 ppm) on soybean plants irrigated by six NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM). After 15 and 30 days from salt application, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, enzymatic antioxidants and ultrastructural changes were tested for potential tolerance of soybean plants growing under salt stress. Results revealed that increasing salt concentrations induced a significant decrease in shoot length, fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthetic pigments, these decreases were due to increasing electrolyte leakage of soybean plants. However, application of TiO 2 NPs showed improvements in the vegetative growth by increasing its pigments and protein contents. There was a marked increase in the contents of enzymatic antioxidants in salt stressed soybean plants and further accumulation of their contents with TiO 2 NPs application. Salt stressed soybean plants showed structural and ultrastructural deformation which was lessened by TiO 2 NPs application. Finally, our research demonstrates the role of TiO 2 NPs in alleviating salt stress in soybean plants via restoring the antioxidants and cell ultrastructure, highlighting their potential role as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt concentrations significantly decreased soybean shoot length.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- increasing salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salt concentrations induced a significant decrease in shoot length, fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthetic pigments”
e1“soybean ( Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt concentrations significantly decreased soybean fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- increasing salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salt concentrations induced a significant decrease in shoot length, fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthetic pigments”
e1“soybean ( Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt concentrations significantly decreased soybean photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- increasing salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salt concentrations induced a significant decrease in shoot length, fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthetic pigments”
e1“soybean ( Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased electrolyte leakage in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- these decreasese0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these decreases were due to increasing electrolyte leakage of soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles improved soybean vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- application of TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of TiO 2 NPs showed improvements in the vegetative growth by increasing its pigments and protein contents”
e1“soybean ( Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased soybean pigment and protein contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- application of TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- pigments and protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of TiO 2 NPs showed improvements in the vegetative growth by increasing its pigments and protein contents”
e1“soybean ( Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased enzymatic antioxidant contents in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt stressede0
- Outcome
- contents of enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marked increase in the contents of enzymatic antioxidants in salt stressed soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles further increased enzymatic antioxidant contents in salt stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- contents of enzymatic antioxidantse1
- Direction
- further accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stressed soybean plants and further accumulation of their contents with TiO 2 NPs application”
e1“contents of enzymatic antioxidants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused structural and ultrastructural deformation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Salt stressede0
- Outcome
- structural and ultrastructural deformatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stressed soybean plants showed structural and ultrastructural deformation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles lessened structural and ultrastructural deformation in salt stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- structural and ultrastructural deformatione0
- Direction
- lessenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stressed soybean plants showed structural and ultrastructural deformation which was lessened by TiO 2 NPs application”
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